After teaching a group of students about changes in body weight due to aging, the instructor determines that the students have understood the teaching when they state which of the following?

Thinning of the vertebral discs leads to weight loss.

An increase in lean body mass leads to weight gain.

Spinal kyphosis contributes to the increase in body weight.

Loss of muscle tissue contributes to the decrease in weight.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Thinning of the vertebral discs leads to a decrease in height, not weight.
B. Lean body mass actually decreases with aging, contributing to weight loss rather than gain.
C. Spinal kyphosis affects posture but does not significantly contribute to changes in body weight.
D. Loss of muscle tissue (sarcopenia) is correct because aging leads to a decline in muscle mass, which contributes to weight loss. Additionally, a slower metabolism and reduced physical activity further affect body composition.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Systemic infection can cause fever, but older adults often present with atypical signs, including a lack of fever, rather than the classic response.
B. The presence of a productive cough, abnormal breath sounds, and shortness of breath suggests a respiratory infection rather than a cardiac issue.
C. While older adults may be more susceptible to hypothermia, the client’s symptoms align with infection rather than hypothermia.
D. "The client's normothermic temperature does not rule out the presence of an infection" is correct because older adults may have a blunted febrile response to infection due to age-related changes in thermoregulation. An absence of fever does not exclude infection in elderly patients.

A. Air being diverted from the trachea to the bronchi B. Air passing through constricted passageways C. Air increasing in turbulence in a wide passage D. Air leaking from the alveoli into the pleural space

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Air being diverted from the trachea to the bronchi does not explain the cause of a wheeze. This is a normal part of airflow distribution.
B. Air passing through constricted passageways is correct. A wheeze is a high-pitched, musical sound that occurs when air flows through narrowed or obstructed airways, as seen in conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or bronchitis.
C. Air increasing in turbulence in a wide passage is incorrect. Wheezing occurs due to airway narrowing, not widening.
D. Air leaking from the alveoli into the pleural space describes pneumothorax, which presents with absent breath sounds rather than wheezing.

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After teaching a group of students about changes in body weight due to aging, the instructor determines that the students have understood the teaching when they state which of the following?

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse's auscultation of a client's lung fields reveals the presence of a wheeze. The nurse should recognize that this adventitious sound results from what pathophysiologic process?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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