After teaching a group of students about tetracyclines, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a true statement?
Tetracyclines are narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
Tetracyclines may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth in children.
Tetracyclines cannot be used when penicillins are contraindicated.
Tetracyclines are not contraindicated in children younger than 9 years.
Tetracyclines are used to treat influenza.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Tetracyclines are not narrow-spectrum antibiotics. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics. Tetracyclines are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. This is important in treating various infections, but it also means they can disrupt the normal flora of the gut, potentially leading to issues like antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Choice B rationale:
Tetracyclines may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth in children. This is a well-known adverse effect of tetracycline antibiotics. It primarily occurs in children under the age of 8, whose teeth are still developing. Tetracyclines can bind to calcium ions in teeth, leading to a yellow or grayish discoloration. This is why tetracyclines are generally avoided in children and pregnant women.
Choice C rationale:
Tetracyclines can be used when penicillins are contraindicated. Tetracyclines and penicillins are different classes of antibiotics, and being contraindicated for one does not necessarily mean the other is also contraindicated. Tetracyclines can be an alternative for patients who cannot tolerate penicillins due to allergies or other contraindications.
Choice D rationale:
Tetracyclines are not contraindicated in children younger than 9 years. This statement is not accurate. Tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under the age of 8 due to the risk of tooth discoloration. After the age of 8, tetracyclines can be used in children, but caution is still required.
Choice E rationale:
Tetracyclines are not used to treat influenza. Influenza is caused by viruses, not bacteria, and tetracyclines are antibiotics that target bacteria. Influenza is typically treated with antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Laxatives are generally contraindicated in clients with chronic hepatitis due to potential liver-related complications. However, this choice is not directly related to the use of laxatives.
Choice B rationale:
Laxatives may be used with caution in clients with type 1 diabetes to manage constipation. While there are considerations related to blood sugar control, it is not an absolute contraindication.
Choice D rationale:
Laxatives can be used in clients with cardiac disease, although some types of laxatives may be safer than others. This choice does not represent a contraindication.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Bacteriostatic. Sulfonamides are a class of antibiotics that work primarily as bacteriostatic agents. They inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria by blocking the synthesis of folic acid, which is essential for bacterial DNA and RNA synthesis. By slowing down bacterial growth, sulfonamides give the body's immune system a chance to eliminate the bacteria. Bacteriostatic antibiotics do not directly kill bacteria but rather impede their ability to multiply. This action is a key characteristic of sulfonamides.
Choice B rationale:
Bactericidal. Sulfonamides are not primarily bactericidal. Bactericidal antibiotics directly kill bacteria by disrupting their cell walls, protein synthesis, or other essential processes. Sulfonamides do not have this direct killing effect. They work by inhibiting folic acid synthesis and, as a result, slowing down bacterial growth. While this can eventually lead to bacterial death, the primary action of sulfonamides is bacteriostatic.
Choice C rationale:
Promotor of folic acid activity. This choice is not accurate. Sulfonamides do not promote folic acid activity; rather, they inhibit it. Sulfonamides are structural analogs of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor necessary for folic acid synthesis in bacteria. By competing with PABA, sulfonamides disrupt folic acid production in bacteria, ultimately leading to growth inhibition. Therefore, they are not promoters of folic acid activity.
Choice D rationale:
Bacterial cell metabolizer. Sulfonamides do not metabolize bacterial cells. Instead, they interfere with bacterial metabolism by blocking the synthesis of folic acid. This disruption affects the DNA and RNA synthesis of bacteria, which rely on folic acid derivatives. The primary action of sulfonamides is to inhibit this metabolic pathway, not to metabolize bacterial cells.
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