An 8-year-old boy and his father visit the pediatrician's office with reports of a sudden onset of abdominal pain and reddish-brown urine. A urinalysis shows 4+ protein. On taking the boy's health history, the nurse learns that he had strep throat a little over a week ago. Assessment findings: Temp 100.6F, RR-22. HR-105, BP= 130/89 Which condition should the nurse suspect?

Acute glomerulonephritis

Renal agenesis

Nephrotic syndrome

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by the sudden onset of hematuria (reddish-brown urine), proteinuria (4+ protein), and a recent history of streptococcal infection, making it the most likely diagnosis.

B. Renal agenesis is a congenital condition and would not present suddenly with abdominal pain and hematuria.

C. Nephrotic syndrome typically presents with significant proteinuria, but the acute onset of symptoms and recent strep throat history point more toward glomerulonephritis.

D. Polycystic kidney disease usually presents with abdominal or flank pain, hypertension, and hematuria over a more chronic course, not typically after an acute infection.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Blood pressure can fluctuate and may not accurately reflect fluid loss in an infant, especially in early stages of dehydration.

B. Respiratory rate may increase with distress but is not a direct indicator of fluid loss.

C. Skin integrity can show signs of dehydration, but it is not as definitive as changes in body weight.

D. Body weight is the most reliable indicator of fluid loss, as it reflects changes in fluid status directly and provides a clear measure for assessing hydration.

A. Position the infant on their back and upright in Semi-Fowler's B. Encourage the parents told the baby C. Administer aspirin for pain D. Apply elbow restraints as ordered E. Maintain IV therapy for nutrition

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Positioning the infant on their back and upright in Semi-Fowler's helps prevent aspiration and supports respiratory function after surgery.

B. Encouraging parents to hold the baby is important for bonding, but caution should be taken to avoid placing pressure on the surgical site.

C. Aspirin should not be administered due to the risk of Reye's syndrome; acetaminophen is typically used for pain management in infants.

D. Applying elbow restraints as ordered is necessary to prevent the infant from pulling at the surgical site and to ensure proper healing.

E. Maintaining IV therapy is crucial for nutrition until the infant can take oral feeds safely.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for an Infant who has a 2-day history of vomiting and an elevated temperature. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the most reliable indicator of fluid loss?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a 4-month-old infant who is one day postoperative following surgical repair of a cleft lip. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Which cause of pediatric enuresis must be ruled out before psychological causes are investigated? Select all that apply.

A child with a brain tumor has a decreased respiratory hate and is less responsive to verbal commands than he was when the nurses assessed the client the previous hour. What should the nurse do next?

The nurse is reviewing a health care provider's prescriptions for a child with sickle cell anemia who was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of vaso- occlosive crisis which prescription documented in the child's chart should the nurse question?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

A nurse is planning a diet for a client who is iron deficient. Which of the following foods high in iron should the nurse include in the plan?

The nurse is reviewing management of pediculosis capitis with the parents of school age children during a presentation in addition to medicated shampoo or cream rinse, the treatment for head lice may also include which of the following?

A child is experiencing an acute exacerbation of Crohn disease for which she is prescribed prednisone. The nurse teaches the parents and child about this medication. Which statement by the parents indicates that the teaching was successful?

A nurse is providing teaching to a 17-year-old female client who has severe acne about the use of isotretinoin. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client is the priority to report immediately to the provider?