An 8-year-old boy and his father visit the pediatrician's office with reports of a sudden onset of abdominal pain and reddish-brown urine. A urinalysis shows 4+ protein. On taking the boy's health history, the nurse learns that he had strep throat a little over a week ago. Assessment findings: Temp 100.6F, RR-22. HR-105, BP= 130/89 Which condition should the nurse suspect?
Acute glomerulonephritis
Renal agenesis
Nephrotic syndrome
Polycystic kidney disease
The Correct Answer is A
A. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by the sudden onset of hematuria (reddish-brown urine), proteinuria (4+ protein), and a recent history of streptococcal infection, making it the most likely diagnosis.
B. Renal agenesis is a congenital condition and would not present suddenly with abdominal pain and hematuria.
C. Nephrotic syndrome typically presents with significant proteinuria, but the acute onset of symptoms and recent strep throat history point more toward glomerulonephritis.
D. Polycystic kidney disease usually presents with abdominal or flank pain, hypertension, and hematuria over a more chronic course, not typically after an acute infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While clear chicken broth can provide some hydration, it does not contain the necessary electrolytes to replace losses effectively.
B. Initiating oral rehydration therapy is critical for managing dehydration due to diarrhea and is the best approach for a child in this situation.
C. Starting a hypertonic solution is inappropriate and could lead to further dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.
D. Keeping the child NPO is not necessary; it is more important to maintain hydration and possibly offer oral rehydration solutions.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Washing hands frequently is important for preventing infections, which can trigger a sickle cell crisis.
B. Cold weather can cause blood vessels to constrict, increasing the risk of a sickle cell crisis, making this statement correct.
C. Restricting fluids during illness is not advisable; staying hydrated is crucial for preventing sickle cell crises.
D. Carrying a water bottle encourages adequate hydration, which is essential for individuals with sickle cell anemia to help prevent crises.
E. Taking medications as directed is vital for managing sickle cell disease and preventing complications.
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