An 82-year-old diabetic client is being treated in the hospital for a sacral pressure ulcer. What age-related change is most likely to affect the client's course of treatment?

A. Use Echinacea to manage joint pain:
Echinacea is a natural supplement, but its effectiveness in managing joint pain related to osteoarthritis is not well-established. It's important for individuals to consult their healthcare provider before using any supplements, as they may interact with medications or have other adverse effects.

B. Maintain a recommended body weight.
Maintaining a healthy body weight is an important recommendation for managing osteoarthritis. Excess weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints, such as knees and hips, which can worsen osteoarthritis symptoms. Losing weight, if necessary, or maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce joint pain and improve mobility in individuals with osteoarthritis.

C. Apply ice to the joint before exercising:
Applying ice can help reduce inflammation and provide pain relief, but it's typically used after exercising or during acute flare-ups, not necessarily before exercising. Heat is often recommended before exercise to warm up the joint and improve flexibility.

D. Reduce the amount of purine in the diet:
This recommendation is more relevant for managing gout, a different type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. Purine-rich foods can trigger gout attacks but are not directly related to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is primarily related to wear and tear of the joints over time.

A. "I will need to drink apple cider vinegar each day."

This statement is incorrect. Drinking apple cider vinegar is not a proven method to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). The client does not need to consume apple cider vinegar as a preventive measure for UTIs.
B. “I will need to wipe my perineal area from back to front after urination."

This statement is incorrect and indicates a need for further teaching. Proper hygiene is essential in preventing UTIs, and wiping from back to front can introduce bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, increasing the risk of UTIs. The correct technique is to wipe from front to back after urination to prevent the spread of bacteria.
C. “I need to drink 8 cups of liquid each day."

This statement is correct. Staying well-hydrated by drinking an adequate amount of fluids, such as 8 cups of liquid each day, can help flush out bacteria from the urinary tract and reduce the risk of UTIs. Proper hydration is a good preventive measure.
D. "I will need to empty my bladder regularly and completely.”

This statement is correct. Emptying the bladder regularly and completely helps prevent the accumulation of bacteria in the urinary tract. Incomplete emptying of the bladder can allow bacteria to multiply, increasing the risk of UTIs. Regular and thorough emptying of the bladder is an important preventive measure against UTIs.