An assistive personnel (AP) asks a nurse what precautions he should take when measuring the vital signs of a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A. This instruction is more appropriate for female clients performing perineal hygiene before providing a clean-catch urine specimen. For straight catheterization, the nurse typically performs sterile technique, including cleansing the urethral meatus with an antiseptic solution as part of the procedure. The client's perineal area may be cleansed if necessary, but the primary focus is on maintaining sterile technique during catheter insertion.
B. When performing straight catheterization, the nurse inserts a sterile catheter into the client's bladder via the urethra to obtain urine directly. The urine is collected from the catheter itself as it drains into a sterile specimen container. It's essential to avoid touching the catheter's port or allowing it to come into contact with non-sterile surfaces to prevent contamination.
C. When inserting a Foley catheter (indwelling catheter), sterile water is used to inflate the balloon at the tip of the catheter after insertion into the bladder. For straight catheterization, a balloon is not typically inflated because the catheter is removed immediately after urine is obtained. Therefore, this step is not applicable in this context.
D. It is crucial to use a sterile specimen container to collect urine obtained via straight catheterization. This ensures that the specimen remains uncontaminated and suitable for culture and sensitivity testing, which requires accurate identification of any bacteria present in the urine.

A. This statement demonstrates an understanding that consuming yogurt can potentially help reduce the odor associated with gas. Yogurt contains probiotics, which can promote digestive health and possibly reduce the intensity of gas odors. This is a reasonable approach for managing symptoms related to colostomy.
B. Carbonated beverages are not typically recommended for controlling odor related to a colostomy. In fact, carbonated drinks can sometimes increase gas production and may exacerbate gas-related symptoms. Therefore, this statement does not indicate an appropriate understanding of dietary management for a colostomy.
C. Pasta and other starchy foods like rice and bread are generally well-tolerated and can help thicken stool consistency, which may be beneficial for individuals with a colostomy. Therefore, eliminating pasta from the diet is not necessary and does not reflect an accurate understanding of dietary recommendations post-colostomy.
D. Distributing meals evenly throughout the day is generally recommended to promote balanced nutrition and manage digestion. There is no specific requirement that the largest meal must be in the evening. This statement does not directly relate to dietary management specific to colostomy care.