An elderly female patient is admitted to the hospital with a fractured hip. Which statement best describes the relationship between osteoporosis and the occurrence of pathological fractures related to aging?
There is an imbalance between formation of new bone and the resorption of existing bone.
An Invasion of a pathogen leads to infection: causing destruction and weakening of the bone.
A decrease in blood supply to the bone results in bony necrosis or the death of bone cells.
Increased amounts of estrogen in postmenopausal women contribute to bone loss.
The Correct Answer is A
A. There is an imbalance between the formation of new bone and the resorption of existing bone: Osteoporosis occurs when bone resorption outpaces bone formation, leading to decreased bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures.
B. An invasion of a pathogen leads to infection, causing destruction and weakening of the bone: This describes osteomyelitis, a bone infection, not osteoporosis.
C. A decrease in blood supply to the bone results in bony necrosis or the death of bone cells: This describes avascular necrosis, not osteoporosis.
D. Increased amounts of estrogen in postmenopausal women contribute to bone loss: In fact, decreased estrogen levels after menopause contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Tetany of the hands with a positive Chvostek sign: Tetany and a positive Chvostek sign are more associated with hypocalcemia rather than Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
B. Polyuria, sweating, and dry mucous membranes: These symptoms are more indicative of hyperthyroidism or diabetes rather than hypothyroidism, which is characteristic of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
C. Forgetfulness, depression, and anemia: Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which causes hypothyroidism, can lead to symptoms like forgetfulness, depression, and anemia due to reduced thyroid hormone levels.
D. Nervousness, irritability, and diarrhea: These symptoms are associated with hyperthyroidism rather than hypothyroidism.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Steroid injections will be administered daily: This is incorrect; steroid therapy may exacerbate Cushing's disease. The condition is often due to excessive production of cortisol, not a deficiency.
B. Weight gain and edema are present: Hyperaldosteronism, often associated with Cushing's syndrome, leads to sodium and water retention, resulting in weight gain and edema.
C. Painful leg cramps are common from hyperkalemia: Hyperaldosteronism typically causes hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia, leading to muscle cramps, not leg pain from hyperkalemia.
D. Decreased amount of body hair is frequently seen: Cushing's disease often leads to hirsutism (increased body hair), not a decrease.
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