An older adult nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?

Hypercalcemia

Hypomagnesemia

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Hypercalcemia: Hypercalcemia may cause confusion but is less likely associated with dehydration.

B. Hypomagnesemia: This can cause neuromuscular symptoms but is less commonly linked to confusion in dehydration.

C. Hyponatremia: Low sodium levels disrupt brain cell function, leading to confusion and neurological symptoms, which are common in dehydrated older adults.

D. Hypernatremia: While dehydration may cause hypernatremia, it is less likely to present with confusion in this context compared to hyponatremia.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Turn off the IV solution and gently flush the line with 3 mL of saline flush solution: This may be necessary later if the occlusion is not resolved by troubleshooting, but the first action should be to check the tubing and clamp for any obstructions.

B. Decrease the rate to 10 mL/hr and flush the line with 1 mL of heparin solution: This is not appropriate as an initial action. Heparin flushes are generally used for maintaining patency in central lines and are not indicated for occlusions caused by tubing issues.

C. Notify the physician: While important if the issue persists, this is not the first action. The nurse should attempt to resolve the problem independently first.

D. Check for kinking of the tubing or a closed clamp: This is the first action the nurse should take. Most occlusions are due to kinking in the tubing or a closed clamp, and resolving this issue may immediately restore the flow.

A. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L (3.5-5mEq/L) B. Urine specific gravity 1.035 (1.005-1.030) C. weight loss of 3% of total body weight. D. Blood glucose 150 mg/Dl

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L: This critically low potassium level can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias and requires immediate intervention.

B. Urine specific gravity 1.035: While indicative of dehydration, it is not life-threatening and can be addressed after correcting the potassium imbalance.

C. Weight loss of 3% of total body weight: Significant but not the most critical concern in the immediate term.

D. Blood glucose 150 mg/dL: Elevated but not urgent compared to the hypokalemia.

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An older adult nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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