Which statement made by a parent indicates the need for further teaching about strategies to control itching for the infant with eczema?
"Wool is the best fabric for the infant's clothing.”.
"I should avoid laundry detergents with fragrances.”.
"I put cotton gloves on the infant's hands.”.
"The infant's fingernails are kept short.”.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Wool fibers have a rough, coarse texture that can mechanically irritate the delicate skin of an infant with eczema. This physical abrasion can trigger an inflammatory response and exacerbate the itching and rash associated with the condition. The goal is to use smooth, breathable fabrics like cotton to minimize skin friction.
Choice B rationale
Fragrances and dyes in laundry detergents are common chemical irritants and allergens that can cause contact dermatitis and worsen eczema symptoms. Avoiding these additives is crucial for minimizing exposure to potential triggers and reducing inflammation and itching in sensitive skin.
Choice C rationale
Putting cotton gloves or socks on an infant's hands is a practical strategy to prevent the infant from scratching their skin. The mechanical trauma from scratching can break the skin barrier, leading to secondary infections and worsening the eczema flare-up.
Choice D rationale
Keeping fingernails short is a fundamental measure to prevent the skin damage caused by scratching. Long, sharp nails can tear the skin, creating entry points for bacteria and increasing the risk of infection, a common complication of poorly controlled eczema.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
There is no known or documented significant drug-food interaction between griseofulvin and citrus fruits or juice. Griseofulvin absorption is actually enhanced by a high-fat meal. The biological mechanism of action for griseofulvin does not involve competition with compounds found in citrus.
Choice B rationale
Shellfish allergies are a common food allergy, but there is no specific interaction between griseofulvin, an antifungal, and shellfish consumption. Griseofulvin's mechanism of action involves disrupting fungal mitosis, which is not affected by dietary intake of shellfish.
Choice C rationale
Alcohol consumption while taking griseofulvin can lead to a disulfiram-like reaction, which is a severe adverse response. This reaction is characterized by flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting, and a rapid heartbeat. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is a significant and dangerous interaction.
Choice D rationale
Griseofulvin is an antifungal medication, while corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. There is no known direct pharmacological interaction between these two drug classes. Taking them concurrently is not contraindicated, although they treat different conditions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Scabies is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows into the stratum corneum of the epidermis to lay eggs. This infestation triggers a hypersensitivity reaction (type IV) in the host, resulting in intense pruritus (itching) due to inflammatory mediators. The itching is often worse at night because mite activity increases with warmth, and the host's body temperature rises under bed covers. The characteristic burrows and vesicles are commonly found in interdigital spaces and the axilla.
Choice B rationale
Pediculosis capitis, or head lice, is an infestation caused by the head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis. This parasite feeds on human blood from the scalp, leading to intense itching (pruritus) primarily on the head. Itching is a result of an allergic reaction to the louse saliva. Unlike scabies, pediculosis does not typically present with a rash in the interdigital spaces or axilla, but rather nits (eggs) and lice on the hair shaft and scalp.
Choice C rationale
Tinea corporis, commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by dermatophytes. It presents as an erythematous, circular, scaling patch with a raised border and central clearing, giving it the characteristic ring-like appearance. While it can cause itching (pruritus), it is a localized infection and does not typically manifest with generalized, nocturnal pruritus in the axilla and between the fingers like scabies.
Choice D rationale
Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, erythematous, pruritic patches. While it causes intense itching, which can be worse at night, the distribution and presentation are different from scabies. Eczema typically affects the flexural areas (e.g., antecubital and popliteal fossae) in adolescents, and does not involve the characteristic burrows or interdigital rash associated with a mite infestation.
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