Anna's mother has been suffering from persistent vomiting for two days now. She appears to be lethargic and weak and has myalgia. She is noted to have dry mucus membranes and her capillary refill takes >4 seconds. She is diagnosed as having gastroenteritis and dehydration. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.5, PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, and HCO3 34 mmol/L.
What acid-base disorder is shown?
Respiratory Acidosis. Partially Compensated
Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated
Respiratory Alkalosis. Uncompensated
Metabolic Alkalosis, Uncompensated
The Correct Answer is B
A. Respiratory Acidosis, both compensated and uncompensated, is characterized by an elevated PaCO2, which is not present in this case.
B. The elevated pH (7.5) and HCO3 (34 mmol/L) indicate metabolic alkalosis. The elevated pH and the slightly elevated PaCO2 (40 mm Hg) suggest the partially compensated state, which is the respiratory compensation attempting to correct the alkalosis.
C. The fact that the PaCO2 is not low rules out respiratory alkalosis.
D. The arterial blood gas values indicate a high pH (7.5), a normal PaCO2 (40 mm Hg), and an elevated HCO3 (34 mmol/L), which are indicative of metabolic alkalosis. However, the elevated pH and the slightly elevated PaCO2 (40 mm Hg) suggest a partially compensated state.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Normal calcium levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.
B. A manifestation of hypoparathyroidism would be a high phosphate level due to the low production of parathyroid hormone, which is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate levels. It leads to reduced phosphate excretion.
C. Low magnesium levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.
D. Normal vitamin D levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Sudden weight gain is a common sign of fluid overload in clients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
B. Skin turgor assessment is not as reliable in individuals with kidney disease due to changes in skin elasticity.
C. Flattened neck veins are not indicative of fluid overload; rather, they suggest dehydration.
D. Oxygen saturation may be affected by various factors but is not directly related to fluid overload in this context.
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