Aron, a 12-year-old male, is admitted with type 1 diabetes mellitus. For this diagnosis to have been made, Aron had all of the following pathophysiological characteristics except:
Enlarged pancreas.
Hyperglycemia and hyper ketonuria.
A combination of environmental and genetic factors as the cause.
Peak occurrence between ages 7 and 15 years.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: An enlarged pancreas is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a decrease in insulin production. This does not cause the pancreas to become enlarged.
Choice B reason: Hyperglycemia and hyper ketonuria are characteristic findings in type 1 diabetes. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, occurs due to the lack of insulin. Hyper ketonuria, or high levels of ketones in the urine, occurs because the body breaks down fats for energy in the absence of insulin, leading to the production of ketones.
Choice C reason: A combination of environmental and genetic factors is considered to be the cause of type 1 diabetes. Genetic predisposition and environmental triggers such as viral infections can lead to the development of the disease.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes most commonly occurs in children and adolescents, with a peak occurrence between the ages of 7 and 15 years. This age range is when the majority of cases are diagnosed.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: While high blood glucose levels are a key feature of diabetes and contribute to complications, it is the role of diabetes in promoting atherosclerosis that is more directly responsible for the high rate of macrovascular complications. High glucose levels can damage blood vessels and lead to the development of atherosclerosis, but the process is more complex and involves additional factors.
Choice B reason: Diabetes significantly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaques in the arteries. This can lead to macrovascular complications such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Chronic hyperglycemia, along with associated lipid abnormalities and inflammation, accelerates the atherosclerotic process in individuals with diabetes.
Choice C reason: The role of platelets in the blood is not a primary factor in the macrovascular complications of diabetes. While platelet function can be altered in diabetes and contribute to clot formation, the central issue in macrovascular complications is the development of atherosclerosis.
Choice D reason: Increased white blood cell (WBC) count can be a sign of inflammation or infection, but it is not a primary cause of macrovascular complications in diabetes. The focus is more on the chronic inflammatory state and the development of atherosclerosis as major contributors to macrovascular disease in diabetes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: While alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for colon cancer, it is not considered the primary risk factor. Excessive alcohol intake can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer, but its impact is less significant compared to age.
Choice B reason: Smoking is another risk factor for colon cancer, and long-term tobacco use has been linked to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, it is not the primary risk factor. Smoking primarily affects the lungs but also has systemic effects that can contribute to various cancers, including colorectal cancer.
Choice C reason: Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can increase the risk of colon cancer. Chronic inflammation can lead to cellular changes and damage in the colon, which may eventually result in cancer. However, age remains the most significant risk factor.
Choice D reason: Age is the primary risk factor for colon cancer. The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases significantly with age, with the majority of cases occurring in individuals over the age of 50. As people age, the likelihood of genetic mutations and cellular damage accumulates, increasing the risk of cancer development.
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