What would be the outcome if your patient did not have alpha cells of the pancreas?
They would not be able to secrete insulin.
They would not be able to secrete glucagon.
They would not be able to secrete somatostatin and gastrin.
They would not be able to secrete pancreatic polypeptides.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Alpha cells of the pancreas do not produce insulin. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Therefore, the absence of alpha cells would not affect insulin secretion.
Choice B reason: The primary function of alpha cells in the pancreas is to produce and secrete glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. Without alpha cells, the body would not be able to secrete glucagon, leading to issues with glucose regulation.
Choice C reason: Somatostatin and gastrin are not secreted by alpha cells. Somatostatin is produced by delta cells of the pancreas and other parts of the digestive system, while gastrin is primarily produced by G cells in the stomach lining. Therefore, the absence of alpha cells would not affect the secretion of somatostatin and gastrin.
Choice D reason: Pancreatic polypeptides are produced by PP cells (pancreatic polypeptide cells) in the pancreas. The absence of alpha cells would not impact the secretion of pancreatic polypeptides.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Neuropathy, particularly diabetic neuropathy, is often caused by the thickening, sclerosis (hardening), obstruction, and ischemia (reduced blood flow) of the small blood vessels that supply the nerves (vasa nervorum). This can lead to nerve degeneration, delayed nerve conduction, and impaired sensory function. Over time, high blood glucose levels can damage these small blood vessels, leading to neuropathy.
Choice B reason: While hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) is a major factor in the development of diabetic neuropathy, it is the resulting damage to the blood vessels supplying the nerves that directly causes the nerve degeneration and delayed conduction.
Choice C reason: Thickening of blood is not a direct cause of neuropathy. Neuropathy is more directly related to the damage and obstruction of the small blood vessels that supply the nerves.
Choice D reason: Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) does not cause neuropathy. In fact, the acute effects of hypoglycemia are typically neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Chronic nerve damage, as seen in neuropathy, is usually due to prolonged hyperglycemia and its effects on blood vessels.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Cirrhosis is a condition that affects the liver, not the kidneys. It is not related to nephropathy, which is kidney disease.
Choice B reason: Cardiac disease, while a common complication of diabetes, is not directly caused by nephropathy. Nephropathy primarily affects the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure, but it is not the leading cause of cardiac disease.
Choice C reason: Nephropathy in individuals with diabetes can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESRD), also known as end-stage renal disease. This is a serious condition where the kidneys are no longer able to function adequately to maintain life, often requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Choice D reason: Pulmonary disease affects the lungs and is not directly related to nephropathy. While diabetes can have complications that affect the lungs, nephropathy specifically targets the kidneys.
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