When pressure is applied over an edematous area, it forces fluid movement and leaves an indentation, the edema is referred to as:

Cushings

Swelling

Dependent edema

Pitting edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Cushing's is not related to this type of edema. Cushing's syndrome is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It can lead to various symptoms, including weight gain, thinning skin, and high blood pressure, but it does not describe the specific characteristic of edema that leaves an indentation when pressed.

Choice B reason: Swelling is a general term that describes an increase in the size of a body part, often due to the accumulation of fluid. While edema is a type of swelling, the term "swelling" itself does not specifically refer to the characteristic of leaving an indentation upon pressure.

Choice C reason: Dependent edema occurs in areas of the body that are lower than the heart, often due to gravity. This type of edema can be seen in conditions like heart failure or prolonged immobility. However, it does not specifically refer to the characteristic of pitting, which is the ability to leave an indentation upon applying pressure.

Choice D reason: Pitting edema is the correct term for this condition. It occurs when pressure is applied to a swollen area, forcing fluid movement and leaving a visible indentation that persists for some time. Pitting edema is commonly seen in conditions such as congestive heart failure, liver disease, and deep vein thrombosis. The extent and duration of the indentation can help assess the severity of the edema.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. It is not primarily marked by insulin resistance, which is more characteristic of type 2 diabetes. The genetic and environmental factors in type 1 diabetes lead to a lack of insulin production, rather than resistance.

Choice B reason: In type 1 diabetes, there is an absolute deficit in insulin production. This is because the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with type 1 diabetes require exogenous insulin to manage their blood glucose levels.

Choice C reason: While type 1 diabetes has genetic and environmental influences, the condition results in an inability to produce insulin rather than partial insulin production. The autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes leads to the destruction of almost all beta cells, resulting in an absolute deficit of insulin.

Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes does not typically exhibit both insulin resistance and no insulin production. While some individuals with type 1 diabetes may develop insulin resistance over time (a condition known as "double diabetes"), the hallmark feature of type 1 diabetes is the absolute deficiency of insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

A. Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue. B. Weakness, vomiting, hypotension, mental confusion. C. Recurrent infections, visual changes, paresthesia. D. Vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet, fruity breath, dehydration, Kussmaul breathing. E. The correct answer is a) Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, polyuria refers to frequent urination, polyphagia refers to increased hunger, weight loss often occurs despite an increased appetite, and fatigue is a common symptom due to the body's inability to properly use glucose for energy. These symptoms are classic early signs of type 1 diabetes and occur because the body cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Choice B reason: While weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion can be symptoms associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (a serious complication of diabetes), they are not typically the earliest signs of type 1 diabetes. These symptoms may develop later if diabetes is not managed properly.

Choice C reason: Recurrent infections, visual changes, and paresthesia can occur in individuals with diabetes, but they are more common in long-standing diabetes and are not the earliest signs. These symptoms result from chronic high blood sugar levels affecting various body systems.

Choice D reason: Vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet, fruity breath, dehydration, and Kussmaul breathing are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a severe and life-threatening complication of diabetes. While these symptoms can occur in individuals with type 1 diabetes, they are not the initial signs but rather indicators of an advanced and poorly controlled condition.

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When pressure is applied over an edematous area, it forces fluid movement and leaves an indentation, the edema is referred to as:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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