As the nurse caring for an infant who has been prescribed Amoxicillin (Amoxil) orally every 6 hours, you need to calculate the dose.

The recommended dosage is 50 mg/kg/day, divided into multiple doses.

If the infant weighs 6 kg, how much Amoxicillin should you administer per dose?

Choice A rationale

A history of breast cancer is a contraindication for menopausal hormone therapy (HT) due to its potential to stimulate hormone receptor-positive cancer cells. Estrogen, a component of HT, may promote the growth of residual malignant cells. HT must be avoided to minimize the recurrence risk. Regular screening and alternative symptom management are recommended for these patients.

Choice B rationale

GERD management with proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists does not contraindicate HT. These conditions are unrelated to hormone therapy risks or benefits. HT may even aid in esophageal mucosal protection in some menopausal women, but only under clinical evaluation.

Choice C rationale

Dermatitis, being a localized skin condition, has no direct correlation to HT contraindications. While some patients may report worsened symptoms with HT, it is not a standard exclusion criterion. Hormone therapy decisions should focus on systemic and oncological considerations rather than minor dermatologic history.

Choice D rationale

COPD, while a chronic respiratory condition, is not a standard contraindication for HT. Careful evaluation of cardiopulmonary status is necessary before initiating HT, as estrogen may influence thromboembolic risk, particularly in sedentary individuals, but it is not specifically contraindicated in COPD cases.

Choice A rationale

The presence of Rh factor in the mother's blood and absence in the newborn’s does not lead to antibody formation targeting fetal red blood cells directly. Rh incompatibility arises when the mother lacks the Rh factor and forms anti-Rh antibodies against the Rh-positive fetal blood. This leads to hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia in affected newborns.

Choice B rationale

Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are associated with ABO incompatibility, not Rh incompatibility. ABO incompatibility can cause mild hemolysis but does not lead to severe hyperbilirubinemia seen in Rh incompatibility. Rh incompatibility specifically involves anti-Rh antibodies produced by Rh-negative mothers targeting Rh-positive fetal red cells.

Choice C rationale

Receiving a transfusion with Rh-negative blood would not trigger Rh incompatibility. Rh incompatibility is driven by maternal sensitization to Rh-positive fetal blood during pregnancy or delivery, leading to antibody formation and subsequent hemolysis in future Rh-positive pregnancies.

Choice D rationale

When the mother lacks the Rh factor (Rh-negative), she can produce anti-Rh antibodies upon exposure to Rh-positive fetal blood. These antibodies cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells, causing hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia. This process is the hallmark of Rh incompatibility-related pathology.