At what age is scoliosis screening typically recommended to begin for children?

6 years old.

14 years old.

16 years old.

10 years old.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

While spinal health is important at all ages, formal scoliosis screening typically does not begin as early as 6 years old. At this age, spinal curves are often subtle and may not be progressive, making mass screening less effective and potentially leading to overdiagnosis.

Choice B rationale

Screening at 14 years old might be too late for early detection and intervention in many cases, especially for girls who experience their growth spurt earlier. Untreated severe scoliosis can lead to significant spinal deformities and associated health issues.

Choice C rationale

Screening at 16 years old is generally past the peak growth spurt for most adolescents, meaning that any significant scoliotic curve would likely be well-established and more difficult to manage non-surgically. Early detection allows for more conservative treatment options.

Choice D rationale

Scoliosis screening is typically recommended to begin around 10 years old, especially for females, as this aligns with the onset of the adolescent growth spurt, during which scoliotic curves are most likely to progress rapidly. Early detection allows for timely intervention, such as bracing, to prevent severe curvature progression.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Excessive dental caries and enlarged tonsils are more commonly associated with bulimia nervosa due to the repeated exposure of teeth to gastric acid from purging and chronic inflammation of the tonsils. Anorexia nervosa primarily involves severe caloric restriction, leading to different physiological adaptations.

Choice B rationale

Skeletal appearance with lanugo on arms is a classic physical finding supporting anorexia nervosa. The emaciated or skeletal appearance is due to severe caloric restriction and muscle wasting. Lanugo, fine downy hair, develops as the body attempts to conserve heat due to insufficient adipose tissue.

Choice C rationale

Irregular heart rate, specifically bradycardia, is common in anorexia nervosa due to metabolic slowdown. However, heavy menstruation (menorrhagia) is not typical; instead, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) is a hallmark sign, resulting from hormonal imbalances due to malnutrition and low body fat.

Choice D rationale

Overweight with a puffy face is not indicative of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight and a disturbed body image, leading to self-starvation and significant underweight. A puffy face can be associated with refeeding syndrome or specific medical conditions, not primary anorexia.

A. Advise the use of a wheelchair at all times to prevent falls. B. Encourage regular physical therapy sessions focusing on strengthening exercises. C. Increase calcium and vitamin D intake to improve muscle strength. D. Limit physical activity to prevent muscle fatigue and protect from injury.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

While wheelchairs offer mobility assistance, their continuous use can lead to muscle atrophy and further deconditioning in individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Promoting some level of independent movement, even with assistive devices, is crucial for maintaining existing muscle function and delaying disease progression. Over-reliance on a wheelchair might prematurely reduce weight-bearing activities vital for bone health and circulation.

Choice B rationale

Regular physical therapy, specifically focusing on strengthening exercises adapted for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, is paramount. This helps maintain existing muscle strength, slow the progression of muscle weakness, improve joint flexibility, and enhance overall functional mobility. Tailored exercises can also address compensatory movements and improve balance, thereby reducing the risk of falls and promoting ambulation for as long as possible.

Choice C rationale

While calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health, their direct impact on improving muscle strength in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is limited. DMD is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of dystrophin, a protein vital for muscle fiber integrity. Supplementation may support bone density, but it does not address the underlying muscular dystrophy pathology or directly enhance muscle contractility.

Choice D rationale

Limiting physical activity excessively in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy can lead to disuse atrophy, contractures, and a more rapid decline in mobility. A balanced approach is necessary, encouraging appropriate levels of activity to maintain muscle function without causing excessive fatigue or injury. Over-restriction can negatively impact both physical and psychological well-being, accelerating the progression of immobility.

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At what age is scoliosis screening typically recommended to begin for children?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A pediatric nurse is assessing a 10-year-old girl with signs of anorexia nervosa. Which physical assessment finding would support the diagnosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

You are a nurse caring for a 10-year-old child diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The child is experiencing difficulty with walking and frequent falls. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to promote mobility and prevent falls for this patient?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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