(ATI/HESI MCQ) Which laboratory test is useful in confirming the diagnosis of chickenpox?

Choice A rationale:

The varicella vaccine is not effective in preventing chickenpox. This statement is incorrect. The varicella vaccine is actually highly effective in preventing chickenpox. It contains a weakened form of the varicella-zoster virus, which stimulates the body's immune system to develop protection against the virus, reducing the risk of getting chickenpox.

Choice B rationale:

Serious adverse events from the vaccine are common. This statement is incorrect. Serious adverse events from the varicella vaccine are rare. Like all vaccines, there may be some mild side effects such as soreness at the injection site, fever, or a mild rash, but severe reactions are extremely uncommon.

Choice C rationale:

The vaccine has a high efficacy rate in preventing shingles. This statement is correct. The varicella vaccine not only helps prevent chickenpox but also reduces the risk of developing shingles later in life. Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, and the vaccine helps boost immunity to the virus, leading to a decreased likelihood of shingles.

Choice D rationale:

The vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women. This statement is generally correct. Pregnant women should avoid receiving the varicella vaccine because it is a live attenuated vaccine, and there is a theoretical risk of transmission to the fetus. If a woman is not immune to varicella and is planning to become pregnant, it's best to receive the vaccine before pregnancy.

Choice A rationale:

Topical corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation in various skin conditions, but they are not the best option for managing pain associated with shingles (herpes zoster) Corticosteroids primarily target inflammation and do not provide effective pain relief in neuropathic pain, which is characteristic of shingles.

Choice B rationale:

Antibiotics are not useful for managing the pain caused by shingles. Shingles is a viral infection, not a bacterial one, so antibiotics would not be effective in reducing pain or preventing secondary infection.

Choice C rationale:

Starting antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir, within 72 hours of rash onset is essential for managing shingles. These medications can help reduce the severity and duration of the illness and may also decrease the risk of developing complications like postherpetic neuralgia.

Choice D rationale:

Topical capsaicin is an appropriate option for neuropathic pain relief in shingles. Capsaicin, derived from chili peppers, works by desensitizing the nerve endings and reducing pain signals. However, it may cause a burning sensation initially, and the client should be advised on proper application and hand hygiene afterward.