Aydan Miller is an 8-year-old with a history of Type 1 Diabetes. Current medications are: Glargine (Lantus; Insulin 5 units subcutaneous at bedtime Insulin lispro (Humalog) 1 unit per 50 grams of carbohydrates eaten. Aydan has just eaten 150 grams of carbs for lunch at school.

Which of the following medications will the nurse prepare to administer to Aydan?

The initial bundle of care in sepsis includes the following:

• Obtain blood cultures: Blood cultures help identify the specific microorganism causing the infection, which is important for guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy.
• Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics: Early administration of antibiotics is crucial in sepsis to target the suspected or likely infectious organisms. Broad-spectrum antibiotics cover a wide range of potential pathogens until more specific information from culture results is available.
• Obtain lactate levels: Measuring lactate levels helps assess tissue perfusion and can be used as an indicator of the severity of sepsis. Elevated lactate levels are associated with tissue hypoperfusion and increased mortality.
• Administer IV fluid bolus: Early aggressive fluid resuscitation is an essential component of sepsis management. Administering intravenous fluids helps restore intravascular volume and improve tissue perfusion.
• Administration of vasopressors: Especially in the setting of hypotension and to maintain MAP above 65mmHg.

Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, resulting in the inability of the kidneys to adequately filter waste products and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Monitoring urine output is essential in assessing kidney function and determining the severity of renal failure. A decrease in urine output or anuria may indicate worsening renal function and the need for immediate interventions.

Assessing electrolyte levels, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus, is crucial because renal failure can disrupt the balance of these electrolytes in the body. Imbalances can lead to complications such as electrolyte abnormalities, cardiac dysrhythmias, and neuromuscular disturbances. Prompt identification and management of electrolyte imbalances are essential in preventing further complications and supporting optimal patient outcomes.