Based on the patient’s medication list, which of the following medications directly treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)
Lisinopril
Metformin
Hydralazine
Aspirin
Amlodipine
Correct Answer : A,C,E
Choice A reason: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, blocks angiotensin II formation, relaxing arteries and reducing blood pressure. It directly treats hypertension by decreasing vascular resistance and preload, a first-line therapy supported by its systemic vasodilatory effects.
Choice B reason: Metformin manages type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. It doesn’t affect blood pressure directly, targeting metabolic pathways instead, so it’s not a hypertension treatment despite cardiovascular risk benefits.
Choice C reason: Hydralazine dilates arterioles by relaxing smooth muscle, directly lowering blood pressure. Used in hypertension, especially in crises, it reduces afterload, making it a potent antihypertensive agent when rapid control is needed.
Choice D reason: Aspirin prevents platelet aggregation, reducing thrombotic risk in cardiovascular disease. It doesn’t lower blood pressure directly, acting as an antiplatelet rather than an antihypertensive, so it’s not a primary treatment for hypertension.
Choice E reason: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, relaxes vascular smooth muscle, decreasing peripheral resistance. It directly treats hypertension by dilating arteries, improving blood flow, and reducing cardiac workload, a common and effective long-term therapy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Shortness of breath on stairs suggests cardiopulmonary issues, not intermittent claudication. Claudication is leg pain from arterial insufficiency during activity, not dyspnea, which reflects lung or heart strain.
Choice B reason: Finger pain in cold weather points to Raynaud’s or vasospasm, not claudication. Intermittent claudication affects lower limbs from arterial occlusion, not upper extremities or temperature-related vasomotor changes.
Choice C reason: Leg cramping after walking a block is classic intermittent claudication, from reduced blood flow in peripheral artery disease. Pain with activity, relieved by rest, matches its ischemic pathophysiology perfectly.
Choice D reason: Foot swelling from standing suggests venous stasis or edema, not claudication. Claudication involves arterial insufficiency causing pain with exertion, not fluid accumulation from prolonged static posture.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pleural effusion with chest discomfort suggests fluid buildup, causing pain but not immediate airway compromise. It’s stable compared to tracheal deviation, prioritizing respiratory distress over this less acute issue.
Choice B reason: Cor pulmonale with 4+ edema indicates chronic right heart failure, a serious but slower process. It’s less urgent than acute airway obstruction, as it’s manageable with diuretics, not an immediate threat.
Choice C reason: Tracheal deviation post-catheter insertion signals tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening emergency. It compresses airways and vessels, requiring immediate assessment and intervention to restore breathing and circulation.
Choice D reason: Fever of 101°F post-lung transplant suggests infection or rejection, critical but not airway-immediate. It’s urgent, yet tracheal deviation’s acute respiratory collapse takes precedence over this systemic concern.
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