Based on the patient’s medication list, which of the following medications directly treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)

Lisinopril

Metformin

Hydralazine

Aspirin

Amlodipine

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

Choice A reason: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, blocks angiotensin II formation, relaxing arteries and reducing blood pressure. It directly treats hypertension by decreasing vascular resistance and preload, a first-line therapy supported by its systemic vasodilatory effects.

Choice B reason: Metformin manages type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. It doesn’t affect blood pressure directly, targeting metabolic pathways instead, so it’s not a hypertension treatment despite cardiovascular risk benefits.

Choice C reason: Hydralazine dilates arterioles by relaxing smooth muscle, directly lowering blood pressure. Used in hypertension, especially in crises, it reduces afterload, making it a potent antihypertensive agent when rapid control is needed.

Choice D reason: Aspirin prevents platelet aggregation, reducing thrombotic risk in cardiovascular disease. It doesn’t lower blood pressure directly, acting as an antiplatelet rather than an antihypertensive, so it’s not a primary treatment for hypertension.

Choice E reason: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, relaxes vascular smooth muscle, decreasing peripheral resistance. It directly treats hypertension by dilating arteries, improving blood flow, and reducing cardiac workload, a common and effective long-term therapy.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis shows pH >7.45 with HCO3- >26 mEq/L from base excess. Here, pH is 7.48, but HCO3- is normal at 24 mEq/L, ruling out metabolic cause. PaO2 of 55 mmHg indicates hypoxemia, but the primary issue isn’t metabolic.

Choice B reason: Respiratory alkalosis occurs with pH >7.45 and PaCO2 <35 mmHg from hyperventilation. Here, pH is 7.48, PaCO2 is 28 mmHg, and HCO3- is normal, confirming respiratory etiology. PaO2 of 55 mmHg shows hypoxemia, matching this acute ventilatory pattern.

Choice C reason: Metabolic acidosis has pH <7.35 and HCO3- <22 mEq/L from acid gain. Here, pH is 7.48 and HCO3- is 24 mEq/L, contradicting acidosis. PaO2 of 55 mmHg indicates hypoxemia, but the acid-base status is alkalotic, not acidic.

Choice D reason: Respiratory acidosis features pH <7.35 and PaCO2 >45 mmHg from CO2 retention. Here, pH is 7.48 and PaCO2 is 28 mmHg, showing CO2 loss, not retention. Hypoxemia (PaO2 55 mmHg) is present, but the pattern is alkalotic.

A. Ceftriaxone 1 gm IVPB B. Antipyretic given every 6 hours C. Blood and sputum cultures D. Monitor Blood Glucose before meals and at Bedtime E. Monitor I and O

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Ceftriaxone treats infection, but giving it before cultures risks sterilizing samples, skewing results. It’s critical therapy, yet obtaining accurate diagnostics first ensures targeted treatment, delaying antibiotics briefly.

Choice B reason: Antipyretics reduce fever, a symptom, not the cause. Cultures take priority to identify pathogens before comfort measures, as fever management doesn’t alter diagnostic or treatment urgency in this case.

Choice C reason: Blood and sputum cultures identify the causative organism in suspected infection (e.g., pneumonia). They must be obtained first, before antibiotics, to ensure accuracy, guiding effective therapy and avoiding false negatives.

Choice D reason: Monitoring glucose is routine, not urgent in acute infection unless diabetic crisis is suspected. Cultures precede this, as identifying the pathogen drives treatment, while glucose can wait without immediate risk.

Choice E reason: Monitoring intake and output tracks fluid status, useful but secondary in acute infection. Cultures are the priority to diagnose and treat effectively, as I&O doesn’t alter initial management decisions.

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Based on the patient’s medication list, which of the following medications directly treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Interpret the ABG results: pH: 7.48, PaCO2: 28 mmHg, PaO2: 55 mmHg, HCO3-: 24 mEq/L, SaO2: 87%

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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