Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?

chemical agents

environmental factors

viruses

defective genes

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Chemical agents: Chemical agents (e.g., tobacco smoke, asbestos) are significant carcinogens but are not the most influential across all types of cancer.

B. Environmental factors: Environmental factors, including exposure to radiation, chemicals, and lifestyle choices, have a broad impact on cancer development. This is the most comprehensive factor, as it encompasses various elements that contribute to cancer risk.

C. Viruses: Certain viruses (e.g., HPV, Hepatitis B) are linked to specific cancers, but they are not the primary cause of most cancers.

D. Defective genes: Genetic mutations play a critical role in cancer development, but they are often triggered by environmental factors, making environmental factors the most significant overall.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Her family will no longer be dysfunctional." Completing a treatment program does not guarantee that family dynamics will change or improve immediately. Family dysfunction is often deeply rooted and requires separate or concurrent therapy.

B. "She'll need ongoing support to remain abstinent." Recovery from alcoholism is an ongoing process, and continued support, whether through therapy, support groups, or counseling, is critical to maintaining abstinence and preventing relapse.

C. "She doesn't need to be concerned about abusing alcohol in the future." This statement is inaccurate because individuals recovering from alcoholism must remain vigilant to prevent relapse. Alcoholism is a chronic condition, and the risk of relapse remains.

D. "She can learn to consume alcohol without problems." This is incorrect, as individuals who have struggled with alcoholism typically need to abstain completely from alcohol to prevent relapse.

A. "I wouldn't tell, if I were you." B. “In my experience, clients who know are more likely to be involved with their plan of care." C. "The shock of learning the diagnosis may be too much stress for an elderly person.” D. "This is a private concern that should include the physician, not me."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "I wouldn't tell if I were you." This response is inappropriate because it imposes the nurse's personal opinion rather than supporting the family in making an informed decision.

B. "In my experience, clients who know are more likely to be involved with their plan of care." This is the best response because it encourages transparency and patient autonomy, allowing the client to participate in their care decisions.

C. "The shock of learning the diagnosis may be too much stress for an elderly person.” This response is not based on evidence and may discourage the family from being honest with the client, which could prevent the client from making informed decisions.

D. "This is a private concern that should include the physician, not me." While the physician should be involved in the discussion, the nurse also plays a crucial role in providing support and guidance to the family. This response dismisses the nurse's role in the situation.

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Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?

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Correct Answer is B

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Correct Answer is B

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