Causative factors for the development of delirium include which of the following? Select all that apply.
Sedatives and opioids
Alcohol use
Untreated pain
Sleep deprivation
Sensory overload
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E
Choice A reason: Sedatives and opioids are known to cause delirium, especially in older adults or those with compromised health. These medications can affect the central nervous system, leading to confusion and cognitive impairment.
Choice B reason: Alcohol use, particularly in combination with withdrawal, can lead to delirium. Alcohol affects neurotransmitter function and can cause significant changes in mental status when consumed in excess or withdrawn abruptly.
Choice C reason: Untreated pain can contribute to delirium, particularly in patients who are already vulnerable due to age or underlying health conditions. Pain can cause significant stress on the body and mind, leading to confusion and cognitive dysfunction.
Choice D reason: Sleep deprivation is a significant factor in the development of delirium. Lack of sleep can impair cognitive function and increase the risk of delirium, especially in hospitalized patients or those with pre-existing cognitive impairments.
Choice E reason: Sensory overload, such as exposure to loud noises, bright lights, or unfamiliar environments, can contribute to delirium. Patients with sensory impairments or those in unfamiliar settings are particularly at risk.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Quad coughing is a technique used to help patients with spinal cord injuries improve their coughing ability, but it does not directly prevent autonomic dysreflexia. While it is beneficial for respiratory health, it is not the primary intervention for preventing autonomic dysreflexia.
Choice B reason: Assisting to plan a prescribed bowel program is crucial in preventing autonomic dysreflexia. Bowel impaction is a common trigger for autonomic dysreflexia, and a regular bowel program helps to prevent constipation and ensure regular bowel movements, reducing the risk of this complication.
Choice C reason: Supporting the selection of a high-protein diet is important for overall health and nutrition, but it does not directly prevent autonomic dysreflexia. While proper nutrition is essential for patients with spinal cord injuries, it is not the primary intervention for preventing autonomic dysreflexia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The red blood cell (RBC) count provided is significantly below the normal range (4,700,000-6,100,000/μL). However, the unit of measure given in the question (48,000/μL) is incorrect for RBCs, so it may not be consistent with the symptoms of fatigue and palpitations. Typically, a low RBC count can contribute to these symptoms, but in this case, the measurement provided is not clear.
Choice B reason: Platelets of 120,000/μL are below the normal range (150,000-400,000/μL). While low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) can lead to bleeding and bruising, they are not typically associated with symptoms of fatigue and palpitations. This finding is more indicative of a potential bleeding disorder rather than anemia or another condition that would cause the given symptoms.
Choice C reason: Hemoglobin (Hgb) of 6.9g/dL is significantly below the normal range (14-18g/dL) and indicates severe anemia. Anemia is a common cause of fatigue and palpitations because the body has a reduced capacity to carry oxygen to tissues. Low hemoglobin levels can lead to decreased oxygen delivery, resulting in increased fatigue and compensatory palpitations as the heart works harder to circulate oxygen-poor blood.
Choice D reason: White blood cell (WBC) count of 11,000/mm³ is slightly above the normal range (5,000-10,000/mm³) and indicates a mild leukocytosis, which is usually a sign of infection or inflammation. While leukocytosis can cause fatigue if there is an underlying infection, it is not directly associated with palpitations and severe fatigue. The primary concern with fatigue and palpitations lies more with oxygen-carrying capacity, which is affected by hemoglobin levels.
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