A 23-year-old college student is diagnosed with hepatitis A after returning from an international trip. During health education, the nurse explains how hepatitis A is transmitted. Which statement by the patient indicates a correct understanding of how the virus is spread?
"It must have been from sharing needles with my roommate."
"It is likely transmitted through kissing or sexual activity."
"I think I caught it because I have a family history of liver problems."
"I probably got it from drinking contaminated water or eating food handled by someone who didn't wash their hands properly."
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: "It must have been from sharing needles with my roommate." This statement is incorrect because hepatitis A is not typically transmitted through sharing needles. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, which involves ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Choice B reason: "It is likely transmitted through kissing or sexual activity." This statement is also incorrect. Hepatitis A is not commonly spread through kissing or sexual activity. It is mainly transmitted through consuming contaminated food or water or close contact with an infected person.
Choice C reason: "I think I caught it because I have a family history of liver problems." This statement reflects a misunderstanding of how hepatitis A is transmitted. Hepatitis A is not linked to genetic predisposition or family history of liver problems. It is an infectious disease spread through the fecal-oral route.
Choice D reason: "I probably got it from drinking contaminated water or eating food handled by someone who didn't wash their hands properly." This statement is correct and indicates an accurate understanding of how hepatitis A is transmitted. The virus is often spread through consumption of contaminated food or water, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Unilateral edema is a common sign of DVT. This occurs due to the obstruction of blood flow in the affected vein, leading to fluid buildup in the tissue, which causes swelling. The swelling is usually confined to the area of the leg where the clot is located, making it an important diagnostic indicator. In DVT, the affected limb often appears swollen compared to the other limb, and this can be easily observed by the healthcare provider during the physical examination.
Choice B reason: Nausea is not typically associated with DVT. While nausea can occur due to various medical conditions, it is not a primary symptom of DVT. DVT primarily affects the circulatory system, leading to symptoms related to impaired blood flow, such as swelling, pain, and redness in the affected limb. Therefore, nausea is unlikely to be directly related to the presence of a blood clot in the deep veins of the leg.
Choice C reason: Groin discomfort can be a symptom of DVT, especially if the clot is located in the femoral vein. The femoral vein runs through the groin area, and a clot in this vein can cause pain and tenderness in the groin. This discomfort is due to the pressure and inflammation caused by the clot obstructing blood flow. Patients may report a dull or aching pain in the groin, which can be exacerbated by movement or pressure.
Choice D reason: Calf pain is a classic symptom of DVT. It often presents as cramping, soreness, or aching in the calf due to the presence of a blood clot in the deep veins of the leg. The pain is caused by the increased pressure and inflammation in the affected vein, which irritates the surrounding tissues. This symptom is a key indicator of DVT and should prompt further evaluation and diagnostic testing, such as an ultrasound, to confirm the presence of a clot.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hypotension is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism. In fact, hyperthyroidism usually leads to an increase in metabolic rate, which can cause an increase in blood pressure rather than a decrease. Therefore, hypotension is not a consistent finding in patients with hyperthyroidism.
Choice B reason: Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. The increased metabolic rate associated with hyperthyroidism causes the body to generate more heat, leading to excessive sweating as the body attempts to cool down. This symptom is frequently observed in patients with this condition.
Choice C reason: Heat intolerance is a hallmark symptom of hyperthyroidism. Due to the increased metabolic activity, patients with hyperthyroidism often feel excessively warm and have difficulty tolerating heat. They may seek cooler environments and prefer lighter clothing, even in colder weather, to manage their discomfort.
Choice D reason: Tachycardia, or an abnormally rapid heart rate, is a common finding in hyperthyroidism. The excess thyroid hormones stimulate the heart, leading to an increased heart rate and palpitations. This symptom is a significant indicator of hyperthyroidism and is often one of the first signs noticed by patients and healthcare providers.
Choice E reason: Insomnia is frequently seen in patients with hyperthyroidism. The increased metabolic rate and heightened nervous system activity can lead to difficulty sleeping and restlessness. Patients may report trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or feeling rested after sleep, contributing to overall fatigue and irritability.
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