Chronic heart failure is associated with activation of the
PND
RAAS
HPA Axis
None of the above
The Correct Answer is B
associated with chronic heart failure. Activation of the RAAS system occurs as a compensatory mechanism in response to decreased cardiac output and reduced renal perfusion. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system increases blood pressure, maintains blood volume and improves cardiac contractility in the short term, but in the long term it can lead to fluid retention, edema, and worsen cardiac function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
When the left ventricle is unable to pump blood effectively, blood backs up into the lungs, leading to pulmonary congestion and edema. This can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Decreased venous pressure and hyperoxygenation are not typically associated with left ventricular failure. Bradycardia may occur in some cases, but it is not a defining feature of left ventricular failure.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Atherosclerosis is a condition where the walls of the arteries become thick and hard due to the accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances. Over time, these deposits can build up and narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. This can lead to the development of coronary artery disease, which is a condition where the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly. The narrowing of the arteries can also increase the risk of blood clots, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, usually caused by a viral infection, and is not the most common cause of coronary artery disease.
Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too low, and it is not directly related to the development of coronary artery disease.
Vasospasm is a sudden constriction of a blood vessel, which can lead to reduced blood flow and tissue damage. It can contribute to the development of coronary artery disease, but it is not the most common cause.
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