Surgical repair for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is done to prevent the complication of
Increased pulmonary vascular congestion
decreased workload on the jet side of the heart
pulmonary Infection
Right-to-left shunt of blood
The Correct Answer is A
PDA is a congenital heart defect where a blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus, which is supposed to close shortly after birth, remains open. This allows oxygenated blood from the aorta to flow back into the pulmonary artery, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and congestion. Over time, this can lead to increased pulmonary vascular congestion and potentially cause complications such as pulmonary hypertension and heart failure.
Surgical repair of PDA, often through a procedure known as ligation or closure of the ductus arteriosus, is performed to stop this abnormal blood flow and prevent the associated complications, particularly the increase in pulmonary vascular congestion.
The other options (B, C, and D) are not the primary complications associated with PDA and surgical repair is not performed primarily to address these issues:
B. Decreased workload on the left side of the heart is not a primary reason for surgical repair of PDA, although it can be a potential benefit of closing the ductus arteriosus.
C. Pulmonary infection is not a direct complication of PDA, but the increased pulmonary blood flow associated with a large PDA can make the lungs more susceptible to respiratory infections.
D. Right-to-left shunt of blood is not a typical complication of PDA. PDA typically involves left-to-right shunting of blood, with oxygenated blood flowing back into the pulmonary circulation, leading to complications related to increased pulmonary blood flow.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["Kawasaki disease"," evidenced by the patient's diagnosis of fever for 6 days"," strawberry tongue"," cervical lymphadenopathy"," and irritability."]
Explanation
Kawasaki disease, evidenced by the patient's diagnosis of fever for 6 days, strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, and irritability.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific abnormalities:
Ventricular septal defect (VSD): This is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.
Overriding aorta: The aorta is positioned over both the left and right ventricles, which allows oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from the right ventricle to be pumped into the aorta and to the body.
Pulmonic stenosis (PS): This is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery that restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Right ventricular hypertrophy: The right ventricle becomes thicker and more muscular as it works harder to pump blood against the narrowed pulmonary valve or artery.
Options A, C, and D describe different congenital heart conditions and defects, but they are not associated with Tetralogy of Fallot:
A. Coarctation of aorta, aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, and patent ductus arteriosus are not part of the constellation of defects seen in the Tetralogy of Fallot.
C. Describing the aorta exiting from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery exiting from the left ventricle with two noncommunicating circulations is characteristic of transposition of the great arteries, not Tetralogy of Fallot.
D. Tricuspid valve atresia, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and hypoplastic right ventricle describe a different congenital heart condition, not Tetralogy of Fallot.
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