Complete the following sentence: Given the patient’s symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, the nurse anticipates the primary care provider may increase the dose of (medication class) to help reduce fluid overload.

Beta blockers

Diuretics

Ace Inhibitors

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Beta blockers like metoprolol reduce heart rate and demand, improving heart failure long-term. They don’t directly reduce fluid overload causing dyspnea and fatigue, focusing instead on cardiac remodeling, not acute volume relief.

Choice B reason: Diuretics like furosemide increase urine output, reducing fluid overload in heart failure. They directly relieve dyspnea and fatigue by lowering preload and pulmonary congestion, the most effective class for these symptoms.

Choice C reason: ACE inhibitors like lisinopril ease vascular resistance, aiding heart failure. They reduce fluid indirectly via aldosterone suppression, but diuretics act faster on acute overload, making them secondary for immediate symptom relief.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pleural effusion with chest discomfort suggests fluid buildup, causing pain but not immediate airway compromise. It’s stable compared to tracheal deviation, prioritizing respiratory distress over this less acute issue.

Choice B reason: Cor pulmonale with 4+ edema indicates chronic right heart failure, a serious but slower process. It’s less urgent than acute airway obstruction, as it’s manageable with diuretics, not an immediate threat.

Choice C reason: Tracheal deviation post-catheter insertion signals tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening emergency. It compresses airways and vessels, requiring immediate assessment and intervention to restore breathing and circulation.

Choice D reason: Fever of 101°F post-lung transplant suggests infection or rejection, critical but not airway-immediate. It’s urgent, yet tracheal deviation’s acute respiratory collapse takes precedence over this systemic concern.

A. Aspirin B. Lisinopril C. Insulin Glargine D. Furosemide (Lasix) E. Metoprolol

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Aspirin prevents thrombosis in coronary disease, not a primary heart failure treatment. It reduces ischemic risk but doesn’t address fluid overload or cardiac workload, lacking direct symptom relief in heart failure management.

Choice B reason: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, reduces afterload and preload by vasodilation, easing heart strain. It manages heart failure symptoms like dyspnea by improving cardiac output, a cornerstone therapy for pump dysfunction.

Choice C reason: Insulin Glargine controls diabetes, not heart failure symptoms. It manages glucose, indirectly benefiting cardiovascular health, but doesn’t relieve congestion or improve hemodynamics, making it irrelevant to direct symptom management.

Choice D reason: Furosemide, a diuretic, reduces fluid overload in heart failure, alleviating dyspnea and edema. It lowers preload by increasing urine output, directly targeting congestion, a key symptom, in evidence-based practice.

Choice E reason: Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, slows heart rate, reducing myocardial demand in heart failure. It improves ejection fraction and symptoms like fatigue, a standard therapy for stabilizing cardiac function long-term.

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Complete the following sentence: Given the patient’s symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, the nurse anticipates the primary care provider may increase the dose of (medication class) to help reduce fluid overload.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

After change-of-shift report, which patient would the nurse assess first?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is assessing the patient’s medication list. Which of the following medications are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of heart failure? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

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