Consider this statement: "Exceptional students are neither arrogant nor lazy. If a student is not arrogant, he is humble." Which of the following must be true if both of the previous statements are true?
Exceptional students are neither humble nor lazy.
Every exceptional student is humble and not lazy.
If someone is an exceptional student, that student is lazy but humble
No humble students are lazy.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Exceptional students are neither humble nor lazy: Based on the first statement, exceptional students are not lazy, and according to the second statement, they must be humble (since they are not arrogant). So, this statement contradicts both premises.
B. Every exceptional student is humble and not lazy: From the first statement, we know that exceptional students are not lazy, and from the second statement, we know that they are humble (since they are not arrogant). Therefore, every exceptional student is humble and not lazy.
C. If someone is an exceptional student, that student is lazy but humble: The statement about exceptional students being "lazy" contradicts the first premise, which specifically says that exceptional students are not lazy.
D. No humble students are lazy: While this might be true in some cases, it is not a conclusion that directly follows from the premises provided. The premises do not state anything about humble students in general being lazy or not.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The conclusion is not a statement of fact, but rather a generalization based on a study of a specific group of people. The fact that 70% of heroin users had used marijuana before does not automatically lead to the conclusion that all marijuana users will try heroin.
B. The conclusion makes an unwarranted leap by suggesting that because 70% of heroin users had used marijuana, all marijuana users will eventually try heroin. The sample studied doesn't represent all marijuana users, and making this broad statement about all marijuana users is an overgeneralization.
C. While the conclusion may be an assumption, it's more specific in that it makes a sweeping, unjustified generalization. The issue is not clarity, but the improper inference drawn from the data.
D. The conclusion actually needs much more support and is not logically valid as it stands. It makes a broad statement that is not directly supported by the data.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. obviously has very weak beliefs: This option doesn’t make sense. The fact that the clerk lies in one particular instance doesn’t necessarily mean that he has weak beliefs. His strong belief in telling the truth could still be genuine, and the contradiction may simply be explained by the extreme situation.
B. was afraid of the intruders and feared for his life: This is the most reasonable explanation. In a threatening situation, the clerk might have decided that telling a lie was the best way to protect himself or the store, even though he values honesty in general.
C. wanted the intruders to leave quickly: While it’s possible that the clerk might have wanted to get rid of the intruders, this doesn’t fully explain why he would lie about the safe’s location. Fear of harm seems like a more compelling explanation than simply wanting them to leave quickly.
D. believed strongly in his work responsibilities: While this could be an explanation for his behavior in some contexts, it doesn’t directly address the contradiction. His responsibility to protect the store and himself could override his personal belief in honesty, but fear is a more likely motivator in this situation.
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