During a community screening event for bone density, an elderly client asked the nurse why she is an inch shorter in height. Which of the following responses by the nurse is correct?

"With aging, a large amount of subcutaneous fat is lost, which gives the appearance of decreased height."

"With aging, the spine is not as flexible, which doesn't permit the individual to stand as tall."

"With aging, the cartilage between the bones in the spine gets worn down, which causes decreased height."

"With aging, thickening of the intervertebral disks occurs, which causes pressure breakdown of the spinal vertebrae."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Loss of subcutaneous fat might contribute to changes in appearance but is not primarily responsible for the decrease in height with aging.
B.   Reduced spinal flexibility may contribute to posture changes but doesn’t sufficiently explain the decrease in height.
C.   With aging, the intervertebral discs and cartilage between spinal bones wear down, leading to a decrease in height due to changes in the spine's structure.
D.   Thickening of intervertebral discs is not a typical occurrence with aging and does not explain the decrease in height.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Dysfunction of the motor component of CN X (vagus nerve) and sensory component of CN VII (facial nerve) would present with different symptoms, such as difficulty swallowing and impaired taste sensation, not the observed facial asymmetry and puffing of cheeks.
B. CN XI (accessory nerve) dysfunction primarily affects the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and wouldn't cause the observed facial asymmetry.
C. Dysfunction of CN IV (trochlear nerve) leads to issues with downward and inward eye movement, not the facial asymmetry described.
D. Dysfunction of the motor component of CN VII (facial nerve) leads to facial asymmetry during expressions and difficulty controlling facial muscles, which matches the observed findings.

A. Vertigo B. Seizure activity C. Dizziness D. Syncope

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Vertigo is the sensation of spinning or movement when stationary and is often associated with inner ear problems.
B. Seizure activity involves abnormal electrical activity in the brain and might present with various symptoms but not necessarily the feeling of spinning.
C. Dizziness is a more general term that can include feelings of light-headedness or unsteadiness without a specific spinning sensation.
D. Syncope refers to fainting or loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain, not the sensation of spinning.

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During a community screening event for bone density, an elderly client asked the nurse why she is an inch shorter in height. Which of the following responses by the nurse is correct?

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is taking a health history from a client. The client tells the nurse that. "It feels like the room is spinning." How should the nurse document this finding?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client states, "I can hear a crunching or grating sound when I kneel and have difficulty getting out of bed in the morning because of pain and stiffness." Which of the following should the nurse expect as an assessment finding?

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