During a home visit, the nurse assesses the skin of a client with eczema who reports that an exacerbation of symptoms has occurred during the last week. Which information is most useful in determining the possible cause of the symptoms?

Choice A reason: Whole milk and ice cream are high in fat, which can trigger the inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) and the formation of gallstones. The client should avoid foods that are high in fat, such as fried foods, cheese, butter, cream, and fatty meats.

Choice B reason: Citrus fruit and melon with a salt substitute are not a problem for a client with cholecystitis, unless they have other conditions that require dietary modifications, such as diabetes or kidney disease. The client should eat a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, grains, and lean proteins.

Choice C reason: Pasta with herbal butter and no meat sauce is also acceptable for a client with cholecystitis, as long as the butter is used sparingly and the pasta is not cooked with oil or cheese. The client should limit the intake of refined carbohydrates, such as white bread, rice, and sugar, and choose whole grains instead.

Choice D reason: Canned vegetables with additional table salt are not recommended for a client with cholecystitis, because they are high in sodium, which can increase the risk of fluid retention and hypertension. The client should reduce the intake of salt and processed foods, such as canned soups, sauces, and snacks, and use herbs and spices to flavor the food.

Choice A reason: Reorienting to day and time frequently is a nursing intervention that the nurse should implement, because it can help the client to reduce confusion, anxiety, and disorientation, which may contribute to the auditory hallucinations. The nurse should use simple and clear language, speak slowly and calmly, and provide cues and reminders, such as a clock, a calendar, or a picture, to help the client to orient to reality.

Choice B reason: Applying soft wrist restraints bilaterally is not a nursing intervention that the nurse should implement, unless it is absolutely necessary and ordered by the doctor. Restraints can increase the client's agitation, anxiety, and fear, and they can also cause physical and psychological harm, such as skin breakdown, nerve damage, or loss of dignity. The nurse should use restraints only as a last resort, after trying other less restrictive alternatives, such as verbal de-escalation, distraction, or medication.

Choice C reason: Administering a PRN dose of lorazepam is a nursing intervention that the nurse should implement, if it is prescribed by the doctor and indicated by the client's condition. Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that can help the client to relax, reduce anxiety, and sedate the central nervous system, which may alleviate the auditory hallucinations. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, level of consciousness, and respiratory status, and report any adverse effects, such as hypotension, bradycardia, or respiratory depression.

Choice D reason: Turning the television on for distraction is not a nursing intervention that the nurse should implement, because it can worsen the client's auditory hallucinations, confusion, and agitation. The television can provide too much stimulation, noise, and information, which can overload the client's sensory perception and interfere with their ability to distinguish reality from hallucination. The nurse should provide a quiet and calm environment, and limit the sources of auditory input.

Choice E reason: Presenting a calm, supportive demeanor is a nursing intervention that the nurse should implement, because it can help the client to feel safe, comfortable, and respected, and to establish a trusting relationship with the nurse. The nurse should show empathy, compassion, and patience, and avoid arguing, criticizing, or dismissing the client's hallucinations. The nurse should acknowledge the client's feelings, validate their distress, and reassure them that they are not alone.