During a routine health screening of an adult female, the nurse notes several changes that have occurred over the past year. Which change indicates the need for a bone density screening?

15 lb (6.8 kg) weight loss.

Diminished appetite.

Decreased height.

Lower body mass index (BMI)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Significant weight loss can be a concern for overall health and may be related to various conditions, including nutritional deficiencies. However, weight loss alone does not specifically indicate the need for bone density screening. It may be a factor in a broader health assessment but is not a direct indicator for bone density measurement.
B.   A diminished appetite can affect nutritional intake, which in turn may impact bone health over time. However, diminished appetite itself does not directly suggest a need for a bone density screening unless it leads to significant weight loss or is part of a broader concern about nutritional status affecting bone health.
C.   Decreased height is a key indicator that may suggest osteoporosis or significant bone loss. This can be due to vertebral compression fractures, which are common in individuals with osteoporosis. A reduction in height over time can be a direct sign that warrants a bone density screening to assess bone health and risk for fractures.
D.   A lower BMI can be associated with lower bone mass and increased risk for osteoporosis, particularly in individuals who are underweight. However, while a low BMI can be a risk factor for osteoporosis, it is not as specific as decreased height for prompting a bone density screening.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This maneuver assesses shoulder strength and endurance but is not a direct measure of the normal range of motion. The test involves resistance but does not provide information on the full range of shoulder movement. It might reveal issues with muscle strength or endurance but does not effectively assess ROM.
B. This assessment technique evaluates shoulder flexion, where the client raises their arms straight up beside the ears, which is a key movement to measure in shoulder ROM. It assesses the ability to lift the arms fully overhead, which is an essential component of shoulder range of motion. This technique directly tests the normal ROM for shoulder flexion and abduction.
C. This maneuver tests coordination and proprioception rather than the range of motion. It is a test for the accuracy of movements and neurological function, particularly useful in assessing cerebellar function, but does not directly measure shoulder ROM.
D. This test assesses shoulder strength and stability rather than range of motion. It is useful for evaluating how well the shoulder can maintain a position but does not provide specific information about the range of motion in different directions.

A. Inequality in muscle contraction. B. An intention tremor. C. Slowed capillary refill. D. Loss of peripheral sensation.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Inequality in muscle contraction is not related to the monofilament test, which assesses sensation rather than muscle strength or contraction. This finding would be more relevant to a neurological or musculoskeletal assessment rather than a sensory test.
B. An intention tremor is a type of tremor that occurs when a person is trying to make a precise movement, often associated with conditions affecting the cerebellum. This is not related to the monofilament test, which measures sensory perception and not motor function or tremors.

C. Slowed capillary refill is a sign of poor peripheral circulation and is assessed by pressing on the nail bed or skin and observing how long it takes for color to return. While it is important for assessing blood flow, it is not directly related to the monofilament test, which evaluates sensory function.
D. Loss of peripheral sensation is a direct and relevant finding for an abnormal response on the monofilament test. The monofilament test is designed to detect loss of sensation in the feet, which can be an indicator of diabetic neuropathy. An abnormal result, such as the inability to feel the monofilament or diminished sensation in certain areas, would indicate that the client is experiencing peripheral neuropathy.

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During a routine health screening of an adult female, the nurse notes several changes that have occurred over the past year. Which change indicates the need for a bone density screening?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client comes to the clinic due to shoulder discomfort and intermittent pain while swimming laps. To identify normal range of motion (ROM) of the client's shoulder, which assessment technique should the nurse ask the client to perform?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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