During assessment of a client diagnosed with severe anemia, the nurse notes pallor of the skin and mucous membranes. Which explanation is the best rationale for this finding?

Choice A reason: Weight gain is not a common complication of Crohn's disease because Crohn's disease causes inflammation and ulceration of the digestive tract, which can lead to malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Choice B reason: Perianal fistula is a common complication of Crohn's disease because Crohn's disease can cause deep ulcers that penetrate the bowel wall and create abnormal connections between the bowel and the skin around the anus. Perianal fistulas can cause pain, bleeding, infection, and fecal incontinence.

Choice C reason: Vomiting after meals is not a common complication of Crohn's disease because Crohn's disease mainly affects the small intestine and the colon, not the stomach. Vomiting after meals can be a sign of gastric ulcers, gastritis, or gastroparesis.

Choice D reason: Urinary tract infections are not a common complication of Crohn's disease because Crohn's disease does not directly affect the urinary system. However, some people with Crohn's disease may develop enterovesical fistulas, which are abnormal connections between the bowel and the bladder. Enterovesical fistulas can cause urinary tract infections, hematuria, and pneumaturia.

Choice A reason: Decreased skin turgor is not the most common clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome because it is a sign of dehydration, not nephrotic syndrome. Dehydration is a condition where the body loses more fluid than it takes in, which can cause the skin to lose its elasticity and firmness. Dehydration can be caused by various factors, such as vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or excessive sweating.

Choice B reason: Hypoalbuminemia is the most common clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome because it is a condition where the blood has a low level of albumin, which is a protein that helps maintain the fluid balance in the body. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes the kidneys to leak large amounts of protein into the urine, which reduces the amount of protein in the blood. Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood, and it helps to keep the fluid in the blood vessels, preventing it from leaking into the tissues. When the albumin level is low, the fluid can escape from the blood vessels and cause edema, which is swelling of the body parts.

Choice C reason: Decreased serum cholesterol is not the most common clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome because it is a condition where the blood has a low level of cholesterol, which is a type of fat that is needed for the synthesis of hormones, bile acids, and cell membranes. Decreased serum cholesterol is not a common finding in nephrotic syndrome, because the liver tends to produce more cholesterol to compensate for the loss of protein in the urine. This can lead to hypercholesterolemia, which is a condition where the blood has a high level of cholesterol, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Choice D reason: Increased serum sodium is not the most common clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome because it is a condition where the blood has a high level of sodium, which is an electrolyte that helps regulate the fluid and acid-base balance in the body. Increased serum sodium is not a common finding in nephrotic syndrome, because the kidneys tend to excrete more sodium in the urine to balance the fluid loss caused by hypoalbuminemia. This can lead to hyponatremia, which is a condition where the blood has a low level of sodium, which can cause symptoms such as confusion, weakness, seizures, and coma.