During bone repair, which cells are most important in forming the initial callus?
osteoclasts
osteochondral replacement cells
osteoblasts
osteochondral progenitor cells
chondroclasts
The Correct Answer is D
A. osteoclasts
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, not formation. They help remodel the bone later in healing but don’t form the callus.
B. osteochondral replacement cells
Not a standard term. Possibly a misnomer. The relevant cells are progenitors, not “replacement cells.”
C. osteoblasts
Osteoblasts lay down new bone but are not the first cells involved in forming the soft (fibrocartilaginous) callus during early healing.
D. osteochondral progenitor cells
These stem-like cells differentiate into both chondroblasts and osteoblasts, and are crucial in forming the initial callus (a mix of cartilage and woven bone) during bone repair.
E. chondroclasts
Chondroclasts break down cartilage. They are not involved in callus formation, but in later remodeling.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. stable; epithelium: Epithelium consists of labile cells, not stable ones. These cells divide frequently even without injury.
B. permanent; nervous: Nervous tissue is considered permanent, and neurons generally do not regenerate or undergo mitosis even after injury.
C. stable; liver: Stable cells do not divide under normal conditions but can be stimulated to divide after injury. Liver cells are a classic example.
D. permanent; liver: In The liver is capable of regeneration and therefore has stable, not permanent, cells.
E. labile; epithelium: This is a true match, but it does not answer the question asked. Labile cells divide regularly and are not "usually non-mitotic" as the question specifies.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. arrector pili muscles; skeletal
Arrector pili muscles are not voluntary, and skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.
B. apocrine pili muscles; smooth
“Apocrine pili” is not a valid term. Apocrine glands are sweat glands, not muscles.
C. arrector pili muscles; cardiac
Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is not associated with skin or hair.
D. arrector pili muscles; smooth
These small involuntary muscles are attached to hair follicles and made of smooth muscle, which contracts to produce goosebumps (piloerection) in response to cold or emotional stimuli.
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