During the breast examination of a client, the nurse notes an orange-peel or "peau d'orange" appearance of the skin of the breast.
The nurse understands that this appearance of the skin is due to what type of breast condition?
Fibrocystic lesions.
A normal finding of the breast.
Carcinoma of the breast.
Fibroadenoma.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Fibrocystic lesions in the breast are benign changes that involve the formation of cysts and fibrous tissue. These do not typically cause an orange-peel appearance of the skin.
Choice B rationale
A normal finding of the breast would not include an orange-peel or "peau d'orange" appearance, as this is considered an abnormal change often associated with underlying pathology.
Choice C rationale
Carcinoma of the breast can lead to an orange-peel appearance of the skin due to lymphatic obstruction. This dimpling effect is caused by the cancerous infiltration and thickening of the skin, making this the correct answer.
Choice D rationale
Fibroadenoma is a benign tumor of the breast and does not usually cause the skin changes described as orange-peel appearance. This condition is generally not associated with skin texture changes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The abducens cranial nerve (CN VI) controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which is responsible for outward movement. It is not assessed using the Snellen visual acuity chart. The function of this nerve is tested through the evaluation of lateral eye movements.
Choice B rationale
The optic cranial nerve (CN II) is responsible for vision, including visual acuity and visual fields. It is assessed using the Snellen visual acuity chart to determine how well a person can see at various distances. This test evaluates the clarity and sharpness of vision, making CN II the correct answer.
Choice C rationale
The trochlear cranial nerve (CN IV) controls the superior oblique muscle, which helps with downward and inward eye movements. It is not assessed using the Snellen visual acuity chart but rather through the evaluation of eye movements and alignment.
Choice D rationale
The oculomotor cranial nerve (CN III) controls most of the eye's movements, including those of the superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles, as well as the inferior oblique muscle. It is also responsible for controlling the pupil's response to light. The Snellen visual acuity chart does not assess the function of CN III, as it focuses on visual clarity and acuity.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While individuals aged 19 to 30 years are generally at a lower risk for malignant melanoma compared to older adults, melanoma can still occur at any age, especially with certain risk factors. However, age alone does not significantly increase the risk of developing malignant melanoma without additional risk factors.
Choice B rationale
Hair color has minimal impact on the risk of developing malignant melanoma. Although individuals with fair skin and light hair have a higher risk of sunburn and subsequent melanoma, having dark hair does not significantly reduce the risk compared to other factors.
Choice C rationale
Female gender does not inherently increase the risk of developing malignant melanoma. Both males and females are at risk, although certain lifestyle factors and behaviors, such as sun exposure, can influence individual risk levels regardless of gender.
Choice D rationale
A history of repeated sunburn significantly increases the risk of developing malignant melanoma. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunburns causes DNA damage in skin cells, leading to mutations that can result in melanoma. Repeated sunburns exacerbate this risk, making it a critical factor in melanoma development.
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