During the breast examination of a client, the nurse notes an orange-peel or "peau d'orange" appearance of the skin of the breast.
The nurse understands that this appearance of the skin is due to what type of breast condition?
Fibrocystic lesions.
A normal finding of the breast.
Carcinoma of the breast.
Fibroadenoma.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Fibrocystic lesions in the breast are benign changes that involve the formation of cysts and fibrous tissue. These do not typically cause an orange-peel appearance of the skin.
Choice B rationale
A normal finding of the breast would not include an orange-peel or "peau d'orange" appearance, as this is considered an abnormal change often associated with underlying pathology.
Choice C rationale
Carcinoma of the breast can lead to an orange-peel appearance of the skin due to lymphatic obstruction. This dimpling effect is caused by the cancerous infiltration and thickening of the skin, making this the correct answer.
Choice D rationale
Fibroadenoma is a benign tumor of the breast and does not usually cause the skin changes described as orange-peel appearance. This condition is generally not associated with skin texture changes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The optic nerve (CN II) is responsible for vision, transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. Dysfunction of the optic nerve would result in visual disturbances, such as loss of vision or changes in visual acuity, rather than difficulty with tongue movement. This nerve does not control motor functions of the tongue.
Choice B rationale
The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which is responsible for moving the eye outward, away from the nose. Dysfunction of the abducens nerve would result in issues with eye movement, such as double vision or inability to move the eye laterally, not tongue movement. It does not play a role in tongue motor control.
Choice C rationale
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) controls the muscles of the tongue, enabling movements necessary for speech, swallowing, and mastication. Dysfunction of this nerve would result in difficulty protruding the tongue and reduced strength during resistance testing. Symptoms can include atrophy of the tongue muscles, fasciculations, and deviation of the tongue to one side when extended.
Choice D rationale
The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) is responsible for hearing and balance, transmitting sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain. Dysfunction of the vestibulocochlear nerve would lead to symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, or balance disorders like vertigo. It does not affect the motor control of the tongue.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The Angle of Louis, also known as the sternal angle, is located at the level of the 2nd intercostal space. It is a significant landmark in clinical examinations because it is used to locate important areas of the chest, such as the aortic and pulmonic areas, for auscultation.
Choice B rationale
The 3rd intercostal space is not the correct location for the Angle of Louis. The sternal angle is found at the level of the 2nd intercostal space, not the 3rd. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
Choice C rationale
The 2nd rib attaches at the level of the Angle of Louis. The sternal angle is an anatomical landmark where the manubrium and the body of the sternum meet, and it corresponds with the attachment of the 2nd rib.
Choice D rationale
The 4th intercostal space is not the correct location for the Angle of Louis. The sternal angle is located at the 2nd intercostal space, not the 4th. Therefore, this option is incorrect. .
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