During the preconception phase, the nurse should teach about which infectious diseases as risk factors for maternal complications? (Select all that apply).

Choice A rationale:

The correct answer. Surfactant is a substance that decreases surface tension in the alveoli of the lungs, preventing them from collapsing and sticking together. By improving the ability of the baby's lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, surfactant therapy helps the infant breathe more effectively.

Choice B rationale:

Surfactant therapy is not related to sedation. Its primary function is to assist with lung function, not sedation.

Choice C rationale:

Surfactant therapy does not specifically address apnea. Its main purpose is to enhance the respiratory function of premature infants.

Choice D rationale:

Surfactant therapy is not used to fight respiratory tract infections. It is a treatment focused on improving the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.

Choice A rationale:
Correction of acidosis is not the primary intervention for vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. The crisis primarily involves pain due to the obstruction of blood flow by sickled cells. Correcting acidosis is not a direct treatment for this condition.
Choice B rationale:
Adequate hydration is essential in managing vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. Proper hydration helps prevent dehydration, which can worsen the crisis and lead to complications. Hydration helps maintain blood flow and prevent further sickling of red blood cells.
Choice C rationale:
Pain management is a crucial intervention for a child with vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. Pain results from tissue ischemia caused by sickled red blood cells. Effective pain management, often with analgesics, helps improve the child's comfort and quality of life during the crisis.
Choice D rationale:
Administration of heparin is not indicated for vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clot formation. In sickle cell crisis, the primary issue is the obstruction of blood flow by sickled cells, not the formation of clots. Administering heparin may not address the underlying problem and can lead to potential complications.
Choice E rationale:
Replacement of factor VIII is not relevant to vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. Factor VIII is a protein involved in blood clotting and is primarily used in the treatment of hemophilia, a different condition unrelated to sickle cell crisis.