For a cognitively impaired patient who cannot accurately report pain, which assessment tool would be most useful?

FACE pain rating scale

OLDCART-based assessment tool

PAINAD scale

0 to 10 numeric pain scale

None of the above

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: FACE pain rating scale is not the most useful assessment tool for a cognitively impaired patient who cannot accurately report pain, as it relies on the patient's ability to match their pain intensity to a series of facial expressions. The patient may not be able to understand or use the scale appropriately.

Choice B reason: OLDCART-based assessment tool is not the most useful assessment tool for a cognitively impaired patient who cannot accurately report pain, as it relies on the patient's ability to provide detailed information about the onset, location, duration, characteristics, aggravating factors, relieving factors, and treatment of their pain. The patient may not be able to recall or communicate this information effectively.

Choice C reason: PAINAD scale is the most useful assessment tool for a cognitively impaired patient who cannot accurately report pain, as it relies on the nurse's observation of the patient's behavior and physiological responses to pain. The scale consists of five items: breathing, vocalization, facial expression, body language, and consolability. Each item is scored from 0 to 2, and the total score ranges from 0 to 10. A higher score indicates more pain.

Choice D reason: 0 to 10 numeric pain scale is not the most useful assessment tool for a cognitively impaired patient who cannot accurately report pain, as it relies on the patient's ability to rate their pain intensity on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). The patient may not be able to comprehend or use the scale correctly.

Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there is one choice that is the most useful assessment tool for a cognitively impaired patient who cannot accurately report pain.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Empowering older adults to manage chronic illness is a way of promoting self-care and autonomy, but it is not a specific example of leadership in the care of older people.

Choice B reason: Coordinating members of the health care team is a way of demonstrating leadership in the care of older people, as it involves communication, collaboration, and delegation of tasks among different professionals and disciplines.

Choice C reason: Facilitating access to elder care programs is a way of providing resources and support for older people, but it is not a direct example of leadership in the care of older people.

Choice D reason: Assessing older adults effectively is a way of ensuring quality and safety in the care of older people, but it is not a unique example of leadership in the care of older people.

A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Actinic keratosis C. Kaposi sarcoma D. Melanoma

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the squamous cells that make up the outer layer of the skin. It usually appears as a scaly, red, or crusty patch or lump that may bleed or ulcerate. It is the second most common type of skin cancer, after basal cell carcinoma, but it is less common than melanoma.

Choice B reason: Actinic keratosis is a skin condition that causes rough, scaly, or crusty patches or spots on the skin that are usually caused by sun exposure. It is not a type of skin cancer, but it is considered a precancerous lesion, as it can sometimes develop into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated.

Choice C reason: Kaposi sarcoma is a rare type of skin cancer that causes purple, red, or brown patches or nodules on the skin or mucous membranes. It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and it mainly affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplants.

Choice D reason: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment melanin that gives the skin its color. It usually appears as a mole or a new or changing spot on the skin that may have an irregular shape, color, or border. It is the most common type of skin cancer, and also the most serious, as it can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.

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For a cognitively impaired patient who cannot accurately report pain, which assessment tool would be most useful?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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