For peripheral venous disease, the nurse will teach the patient to do what in order to promote blood circulation?
Dangle the legs.
Sit in one position for prolonged hours.
Elevate the legs.
Stand in one position.
The Correct Answer is C
This is because elevating the legs can help reduce swelling and improve blood flow back to the heart by reducing the effects of gravity. Elevating the legs can also prevent blood from pooling in the veins and reduce the risk of blood clots.
Choice A is wrong because dangling the legs can increase swelling and pressure in the veins, which can worsen peripheral venous disease (PVD) symptoms and complications.
Choice B is wrong because sitting in one position for prolonged hours can impair blood circulation and increase the risk of blood clots, especially in the lower legs. People with PVD should avoid crossing their legs, wearing tight clothing, or sitting for long periods without moving.
Choice D is wrong because standing in one position can also increase swelling and pressure in the veins, which can lead to pain, ulcers, and skin changes. People with PVD should avoid standing for long periods without moving or changing positions.
Some additional information:
Peripheral venous disease (PVD) is a condition that affects blood flow in the veins and arteries outside of your heart and brain.
It can be caused by narrowing, blocking, or spasming of the blood vessels, or by blood clots in the veins. PVD can cause pain and fatigue, especially in the legs, and can lead to serious complications such as gangrene or amputation.
The most common cause of PVD is atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque inside the artery wall.
Plaque reduces the amount of blood flow to the limbs and decreases the oxygen and nutrients available to the tissue. Other causes of PVD may include injury, infection, irregular anatomy of muscles or ligaments, or inflammation of the blood vessels.
The normal range of blood pressure in the veins is about 10 to 20 mmHg.
The normal range of oxygen saturation in the veins is about 60 to 80%.
The normal range of pulse rate in the veins is about 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
This is because digoxin inhibits the Na-K-ATPase pump on the membrane of cardiac cells, which can cause extracellular potassium levels to rise.Hypokalemia (low potassium) caused by large dosages of diuretics may result in digoxin toxicity even at low serum digoxin levels.Digoxin toxicity can cause gastrointestinal, constitutional, and/or cardiovascular symptoms, as well as ECG changes such as signs of increased automaticity and atrioventricular node blockade.
Choice B is wrong because calcium 9.2 mg/dL is within the normal range of 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.Hypercalcemia (high calcium) can increase sensitivity to digoxin effects and lead to toxicity even with a lower concentration of serum digoxin, but this is not the case here.
Choice C is wrong because potassium 4.8 mEq/L is within the normal range of 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.
Hyperkalemia (high potassium) can also increase the risk of digoxin toxicity, but this is not the case here.
Choice D is wrong because calcium 10.3 mg/dL is within the normal range of 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.Hypercalcemia (high calcium) can increase sensitivity to digoxin effects and lead to toxicity even with a lower concentration of serum digoxin, but this is not the case here.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
LDL cholesterol is sometimes called “bad” cholesterol because it can build up on the walls of the blood vessels and cause health problems, such as heart disease and stroke.High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, decreasing LDL cholesterol levels can lower your risk and improve your health.
Choice A is wrong because increasing LDL cholesterol levels would have the opposite effect of decreasing them.It would increase your risk for cardiovascular disease and plaque buildup in your arteries.
Choice B is wrong because increasing HDL cholesterol levels is not enough to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease.HDL cholesterol is sometimes called “good” cholesterol because it can move LDL cholesterol from the blood to the liver, where it is broken down and removed from the body.
However, HDL cholesterol levels alone are not a good indicator of your cardiovascular health.You also need to consider your total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Choice D is wrong because decreasing HDL cholesterol levels would also increase your risk for cardiovascular disease.HDL cholesterol helps to lower LDL cholesterol levels and protect your blood vessels from plaque buildup.
Therefore, decreasing HDL cholesterol levels would reduce this protective effect and make you more vulnerable to heart disease and stroke.
The ideal ranges for cholesterol levels are as follows:
• Total cholesterol: below 200 mg/dL
• LDL cholesterol: less than 100 mg/dL
• HDL cholesterol: above 40 mg/dL for men and above 50 mg/dL for women
You can lower your LDL cholesterol levels and increase your HDL cholesterol levels by making healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, managing stress and taking medication if prescribed by your doctor.
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