Formation of the bony callus in fracture repair is followed by:

Choice A reason: While converting lactic acid to pyruvic acid is part of recovery, excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) encompasses more than just this process.

Choice B reason: This is the correct answer. EPOC refers to the additional oxygen required after exercise to restore the body to its resting state. It includes replenishing ATP and creatine phosphate stores, converting lactic acid, and restoring oxygen levels in blood and muscle.

Choice C reason: Oxygen consumption is not directly equal to glucose usage. This choice oversimplifies the metabolic relationship.

Choice D reason: Oxygen used during exercise is part of normal aerobic metabolism, not excess postexercise consumption.

Choice E reason: Oxygen taken in during contractions is part of ongoing metabolism, not the recovery phase described by EPOC.

Choice A reason: Epiphysis and diaphysis refer to regions of a long bone—the ends and shaft respectively—not to the coverings of bone surfaces.

Choice B reason: This reverses the anatomical regions but still does not address the coverings of bone surfaces.

Choice C reason: Compact bone and spongy bone are types of bone tissue, not the membranes that line or cover bone surfaces.

Choice D reason: The periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane that covers the external surface of bones, providing attachment points for tendons and ligaments and housing blood vessels and nerves. The endosteum lines the internal surfaces, including the medullary cavity, and plays a role in bone growth and remodeling.

Choice E reason: This reverses the correct anatomical relationship. The endosteum lines the internal surface, not the external.