Gas exchange occurs in which of the following structures?
bronchi
alveoli
nasal passages
larynx
The Correct Answer is B
B. The alveoli are tiny air sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide moves from the bloodstream into the alveoli to be exhaled.
A. The bronchi are the main airways that branch off from the trachea and lead to the lungs. While the bronchi play a crucial role in conducting air to and from the lungs, gas exchange does not occur in the bronchi themselves.
C. The nasal passages, also known as the nostrils or nares, are the passages through which air enters the respiratory system. While the nasal passages warm, humidify, and filter the air as it enters the body, gas exchange does not occur in this area.
D. The larynx, or voice box, is located at the top of the trachea and is involved in breathing, swallowing, and vocalization. However, gas exchange does not occur in the larynx.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. The priority focus in the acute management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia is improving hydration status. Patients with HHS are severely dehydrated due to the osmotic diuresis caused by extremely high blood glucose levels. Rapid rehydration is critical to prevent shock, improve organ perfusion, and reduce blood glucose levels.
A. It's important to consider age-related changes in any patient but this is not the immediate priority in the acute management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. The primary concern is addressing the acute, life-threatening aspects of the condition.
B. Monitoring blood glucose levels is critical in managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. However, while it is essential to track the BG levels to guide insulin therapy and assess the response to treatment, it is not the immediate priority in terms of interventions needed to stabilize the patient initially.
C. Determining the underlying cause of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia, such as an infection or other illness, is important for comprehensive treatment. However, it is a secondary priority to stabilizing the patient’s current acute condition.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Morning is considered the ideal time for collecting a sputum specimen. Overnight, mucus accumulates in the respiratory tract because the patient is less active and not clearing their throat or coughing as much. This means that the mucus is more concentrated and has had time to build up, providing a more substantial and representative sample of what is in the lungs.
A. Collecting a sputum specimen at bedtime is generally not ideal. By the end of the day, the patient’s respiratory tract might have cleared some of the accumulated mucus naturally through coughing or other activities.
C. Collecting a sputum specimen after meals is not recommended. Eating can introduce food particles and bacteria from the mouth into the sputum, contaminating the sample.
D. Starting antibiotics before collecting a sputum specimen can alter the bacterial flora present in the respiratory tract. This can lead to a false-negative result or an inaccurate representation of the pathogens causing the infection.
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