The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) about the disease. What information should the nurse include?

Type 1 DM is caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin.

Type 1 DM is reversible with diet, weight loss, and exercise programs.

Type 1 DM is when glucose remains in the bloodstream because tissues are resistant to insulin.

Insulin is released into the gastrointestinal tract to aid in the digestion process.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the pancreas produces little to no insulin, which is essential for regulating blood glucose levels.
B. Type 1 diabetes is not reversible. It is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing management with insulin therapy. While diet, exercise, and weight management are important for overall health and can help manage blood glucose levels, they cannot reverse type 1 diabetes.
C. This description is characteristic of type 2 diabetes, not type 1. In type 2 diabetes, the body’s cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, and the pancreas may not produce enough insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the problem is the lack of insulin production due to autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells.
D. Insulin is not released into the gastrointestinal tract. Insulin is a hormone that is released into the bloodstream by the pancreas. Its primary role is to help regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the body's cells for energy.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. A decrease in the respiratory rate from 32 breaths/minute to 20 breaths/minute indicates improved respiratory status and effectiveness of nursing care. A lower respiratory rate suggests that the patient's breathing is becoming less labored, and oxygenation may be improving.
A. A lower heart rate may suggest a reduction in pain, improved oxygenation, or decreased stress on the cardiovascular system. However, other factors such as medications, rest, and hydration can also influence heart rate. Overall, a decrease in heart rate is a favorable finding.
C. A slight decrease in blood pressure from 140/80 mm Hg to 130/78 mm Hg may indicate a positive response to nursing care. However, blood pressure fluctuations can be influenced by various factors, including hydration status, medications, and underlying medical conditions.
D. Pain management is an essential aspect of nursing care, particularly for patients with lower respiratory infections who may experience discomfort due to coughing, chest congestion, and inflammation. However, pain levels can fluctuate over time and may require ongoing assessment and intervention.

A. Alpha cells B. Beta cells C. Acinar cells D. Plasma cells

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Beta cells are the pancreatic cells responsible for secreting insulin. Insulin acts to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. In individuals with diabetes mellitus, dysfunction of beta cells can lead to inadequate insulin secretion, resulting in high blood sugar levels.
A. Alpha cells are another type of cell in the pancreas, but they secrete glucagon, not insulin. Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin, increasing blood sugar levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
C. Acinar cells are exocrine cells found in the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ducts. These enzymes aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Acinar cells are not involved in the production of insulin.
D. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies as part of the immune response. They are not involved in the production of insulin.

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The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) about the disease. What information should the nurse include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

What type of cells secrete insulin?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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