The nurse knows a patient with type 1 diabetes needs more education when the patient makes which of the following statements?

B. Severe upper abdominal pain is a hallmark symptom of gastrointestinal perforation. Perforation can lead to the leakage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity, causing intense, sharp pain in the upper abdomen. The pain may be sudden and severe and can radiate to the back or shoulders.
A. Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with gastrointestinal perforation. Instead, tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is more commonly observed due to the body's response to shock or inflammation caused by perforation.

C. Hyperactive bowel sounds are more commonly associated with conditions such as gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction. In the case of gastrointestinal perforation, bowel sounds may initially be normal but can eventually become absent due to peritoneal irritation and subsequent paralytic ileus.
D. Epigastric fullness may be present in peptic ulcer disease but is not a specific manifestation of gastrointestinal perforation. Perforation is more likely to present with severe, acute pain rather than a sensation of fullness.

B. Beta-blocking medications, such as propranolol and metoprolol, can worsen asthma symptoms in some individuals by constricting the airways. Patients with asthma should avoid or use caution with beta-blockers, especially non-selective ones, as they can trigger or exacerbate asthma attacks.
C. Exposure to secondhand smoke is a well-established trigger for asthma symptoms and can exacerbate respiratory inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Patients with asthma should avoid exposure to secondhand smoke whenever possible to reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations.
D. Carpeting and drapes can harbor dust mites, pet dander, and other allergens that can trigger asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals. Patients with asthma may benefit from removing carpeting and minimizing soft furnishings in the bedroom to reduce exposure to allergens and improve air quality.
E. Pets, particularly those with fur or feathers, can be potent allergens for individuals with asthma. Patients with asthma should consider removing pets from the home or at least keeping them out of the bedroom to minimize exposure to pet dander.
A. Cardiovascular exercise can trigger asthma symptoms in some individuals but it is not typically recommended to eliminate exercise altogether. Instead, patients with asthma should be encouraged to engage in physical activities that are well-tolerated and to use appropriate preventive measures, such as pre-exercise bronchodilator therapy and warm-up exercises, to minimize symptoms.