Gestational diabetes increases the risk of which of the following complications during pregnancy?

The correct answer is choice B. Walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga are moderate-intensity exercises that can improve insulin sensitivity.

This means that the body can use insulin more effectively to lower blood glucose levels.Exercise also has other benefits for pregnant women with gestational diabetes, such as reducing the risk of hypertension, preeclampsia, and macrosomia.

Choice A is wrong because engaging in high-intensity exercises such as weightlifting is not recommended for pregnant women with gestational diabetes.High-intensity exercises can increase blood pressure and stress hormones, which can raise blood glucose levels and cause complications.

Choice C is wrong because avoiding physical activity altogether is not recommended for pregnant women with gestational diabetes.Physical activity can help control blood glucose levels and prevent excessive weight gain, which can lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Choice D is wrong because only strenuous exercises such as running are not effective in managing blood sugar levels.Strenuous exercises can also increase blood pressure and stress hormones, which can have negative effects on blood glucose levels and fetal well-being.Moderate-intensity exercises are preferred over strenuous exercises for pregnant women with gestational diabetes.

Normal ranges for blood glucose levels during pregnancy are 60 to 100 mg/dL before meals and bedtime snacks, and less than 140 mg/dL one hour after meals.

The correct answer is choice D. Thrush.

Thrush is a fungal infection that can affect the mouth, skin, or genitals.

It is more common in people with diabetes, especially if their blood sugar levels are not well controlled.High blood sugar levels can weaken the immune system and make it harder to fight off infections.

Choice A is wrong because pneumonia is a bacterial or viral infection of the lungs.It is not directly related to gestational diabetes, although having diabetes may increase the risk of respiratory infections in general.

Choice B is wrong because meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.

It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other organisms.Gestational diabetes does not increase the risk of meningitis.

Choice C is wrong because cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder.

It can be caused by gallstones, infections, or other factors.Gestational diabetes does not increase the risk of cholecystitis.

Normal ranges for blood sugar levels during pregnancy are:

• Before meals: 3.5 to 5.9 mmol/L

• One hour after meals: 7.8 mmol/L or lower

• Two hours after meals: 6.4 mmol/L or lower