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The patient is having fetal heart rate decelerations. An amnioinfusion has been ordered for the patient to alleviate the decelerations. The nurse understands that the type of decelerations that will be alleviated by amnioinfusion is:
Select one:

Late decelerations.

Moderate decelerations.

Variable decelerations.

Early decelerations.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason: Late decelerations. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent type of fetal heart rate patern that indicates uteroplacental insufficiency, which can reduce blood ﬂow and oxygen delivery to the fetus. Late decelerations are characterized by gradual decreases in fetal heart rate that begin after the peak of uterine contractions and return to baseline after the end of contractions. Amnioinfusion is not eﬀective for late decelerations, as it does not address the underlying cause of uteroplacental insufficiency, which may be due to maternal hypertension, diabetes, preeclampsia, or placental abruption.

Choice B Reason: Moderate decelerations. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a non-existent type of fetal heart rate patern, as there is no such term as moderate decelerations. The term moderate refers to the category of fetal heart rate variability, which is a measure of the ﬂuctuations in fetal heart rate around the baseline. Moderate variability indicates normal fetal oxygenation and well-being, while absent or minimal variability indicates fetal hypoxia or distress.

Choice C Reason: Variable decelerations. This is because variable decelerations are a type of fetal heart rate patern that indicates cord compression, which can reduce blood ﬂow and oxygen delivery to the fetus. Variable decelerations are characterized by abrupt decreases in fetal heart rate that vary in onset, depth, and duration, and do not have a consistent relationship with uterine contractions. Amnioinfusion is a procedure that involves infusing saline or lactated Ringer's solution into the amniotic cavity through a transcervical catheter, which can relieve cord compression by increasing the volume of amniotic ﬂuid and cushioning the cord. Amnioinfusion can improve fetal oxygenation and reduce variable decelerations.

Choice D Reason: Early decelerations. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent type of fetal heart rate patern that indicates head compression, which can stimulate the vagus nerve and slow down the fetal heart rate. Early decelerations are characterized by gradual decreases in fetal heart rate that begin with the onset of uterine contractions and return to baseline with the end of contractions. Early decelerations are benign and do not require intervention, as they reﬂect normal fetal head descent and progress of labor. Amnioinfusion is not indicated for early decelerations, as it does not aﬀect head compression or vagal stimulation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason: About 1 of every 5 women will experience abuse in her lifetime is a statistic that shows the prevalence of domestic violence, but it does not address the question of what the nurse should emphasize to the group of women.

Choice B Reason: When women go back to the situation after the abuser has calmed down, things will be beter is a false statement that reﬂects the cycle of abuse, where the abuser may apologize and promise to change after a violent episode, but then repeat the same behavior later. This does not help the women understand their situation or seek help.

Choice C Reason: The victimized woman can easily leave the situation is a false statement that ignores the many barriers and challenges that women face when trying to escape from domestic violence, such as fear, isolation, financial dependence, lack of support, legal issues, and threats from the abuser. This does not empower the women or provide them with realistic options.

Choice D Reason: The violence will not stop or decrease if the woman becomes pregnant is a true statement that highlights the danger of staying in an abusive relationship during pregnancy. Domestic violence can increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight, placental abruption, fetal injury, and maternal death. This may motivate the women to seek safety and protection for themselves and their unborn children.

A. Grunting and nasal ﬂaring. B. Acrocyanosis. C. Abdominal breathing. D. Respiratory rate of 54 breaths/minute.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Grunting and nasal ﬂaring. These are signs of respiratory distress in newborns, which indicate that their oxygenation needs are not being met. Grunting and nasal ﬂaring. This is because grunting and nasal ﬂaring are signs of respiratory distress in newborns, which indicate inadequate oxygenation and ventilation. Grunting is a noise made by the newborn when exhaling, which reﬂects an atempt to keep the alveoli open and increase lung volume.

Nasal ﬂaring is a widening of the nostrils when inhaling, which reﬂects an eﬀort to reduce airway resistance and increase airﬂow.

Choice B Reason: Acrocyanosis. This is not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns, but rather a common condition called acrocyanosis. Acrocyanosis means bluish discoloration of the hands and feet due to poor peripheral circulation in response to cold exposure or stress. It does not aﬀect oxygenation or ventilation and usually disappears within 24 to 48 hours after birth.

Choice C Reason: Abdominal breathing. This is not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns, but rather a normal patern of breathing for them. Abdominal breathing means that the newborn's abdomen rises and falls with each breath, which reﬂects the use of the diaphragm as the primary respiratory muscle.

Choice D Reason: Respiratory rate of 54 breaths/minute. This is not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns, but rather a normal range of respiratory rate for them. A normal respiratory rate for a newborn ranges from 40 to 60 breaths per minute.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse at a shelter is counseling a group of women experiencing domestic violence. What is most important for the nurse to emphasize? Select one:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse assesses a 1-day-old newborn. Which finding indicates that the newborn's oxygenation needs are not being met? Select one:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A couple who has had difficulty conceiving confides in the nurse at the infertility clinic that they feel overwhelmed with the decisions that face them. Which of the following nursing strategies would be most appropriate and therapeutic? Select one:

During a physical assessment of a newborn, the nurse observes bluish markings across the newborn's lower back. The nurse interprets this finding as: Select one:

A woman in her 40th week of pregnancy calls the nurse at the clinic and says she's not sure whether she is in true or false labor. Which statement by the client would lead the nurse to suspect that the woman is experiencing false labor? Select one:

The Mother-Baby nurse is caring for a two hour old newborn who is 36 4/7 weeks gestation. The nurse assesses that the newborn is experiencing tremors (jiteriness). What nursing action has the highest priority? Select one:

A client has been diagnosed with postpartum psychosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select one:

Which of the following would the nurse include in the plan of care for a newborn receiving phototherapy? Select one:

Assessment of a pregnant woman reveals a pigmented vertical line between the umbilicus and the pubis. The nurse documents this finding as: Select one: