Identify the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation on the urinary system. (Select all that apply)
It promotes vasoconstriction of blood vessels
It stimulates thirst
It lowers blood pressure
It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
It stimulates the release of renin
Correct Answer : A,B,D
A. It promotes vasoconstriction of blood vessels: Angiotensin II (RAAS mediator) is a potent vasoconstrictor, raising systemic vascular resistance and affecting renal blood flow.
B. It stimulates thirst: Angiotensin II acts on the brain (hypothalamus) to stimulate thirst and ADH release, promoting fluid intake and retention.
C. It lowers blood pressure: RAAS activation raises blood pressure by vasoconstriction and increased sodium/water retention.
D. It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys: Aldosterone promotes Na⁺ reabsorption (water follows), and angiotensin II/ADH actions lead to increased water retention—overall increasing water reabsorption.
E. It stimulates the release of renin: Renin release is the initiating step of RAAS activation (triggered by low renal perfusion); once RAAS is active, angiotensin II typically provides negative feedback that suppresses further renin release rather than stimulating it.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Pepsin:Pepsin is an active protease produced in the stomach (from pepsinogen) -not a pancreatic secretion.
B. Sodium bicarbonate:The pancreas secretes bicarbonate-rich fluid to neutralize acidic chyme in the duodenum -pancreatic secretion .
C. Amylase: Pancreatic amylase digests starches into sugars in the small intestine -pancreatic secretion .
D. Nuclease:The pancreas secretes nucleases (e.g., deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease) to digest nucleic acids -pancreatic secretion .
E. Lipase:Pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides -pancreatic secretion .
F. Pepsinogen:Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells in the stomach, not by the pancreas -not a pancreatic secretion.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Vital capacity: Vital capacity is a lung-volume measurement (maximum inhale → maximum exhale), not the mechanical action of rib elevation.
B. Expiration: Expiration (quiet) is produced by relaxation and elastic recoil; active rib elevation is not part of expiration.
C. Inspiration: Contraction of the external intercostals (and diaphragm) raises the ribs and expands the thoracic cage, producing inspiration.
D. Ventilation: Ventilation is the overall process of air movement in and out of the lungs; rib elevation specifically describes inspiration rather than the whole process.
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