The labia minora and labia majora are parts of which aspect of the female anatomy?

A. Proximal convoluted tubule: The PCT reabsorbs the majority of filtered water and solutes (≈65% Na⁺/H₂O, all filtered glucose and amino acids, many ions).
B. Efferent arteriole: An efferent arteriole is a blood vessel leaving the glomerulus (carries blood), not a tubular segment that reabsorbs filtrate.
C. Afferent arteriole: Afferent arteriole supplies blood to the glomerulus; it is not involved in tubular reabsorption.
D. Loop of Henle: The loop helps concentrate urine (water reabsorption in the descending limb, ion transport in the ascending limb) but the PCT is the primary site for bulk reabsorption.

A. It promotes vasoconstriction of blood vessels:Angiotensin II (RAAS mediator) is a potent vasoconstrictor, raising systemic vascular resistance and affecting renal blood flow.
B. It stimulates thirst:Angiotensin II acts on the brain (hypothalamus) to stimulate thirst and ADH release, promoting fluid intake and retention.
C. It lowers blood pressure:RAAS activation raises blood pressure by vasoconstriction and increased sodium/water retention.
D. It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys:Aldosterone promotes Na⁺ reabsorption (water follows), and angiotensin II/ADH actions lead to increased water retention—overall increasing water reabsorption.
E. It stimulates the release of renin:Renin release is the initiating step of RAAS activation (triggered by low renal perfusion); once RAAS is active, angiotensin II typically provides negative feedback that suppresses further renin release rather than stimulating it.