In assessing an older adult client, the nurse notes that the client's right arm muscles feel soft and boggy. To gather additional data related to this finding, which assessment should the nurse complete next?

Determine degree of skin elasticity.

Measure muscle size and strength.

Inspect appearance of the spine.

Note 24-hour fluid intake and output.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Determine degree of skin elasticity: While decreased skin elasticity can be a sign of aging, it doesn't directly assess muscle tone or strength.

B. Measure muscle strength: This is the most appropriate next step to confirm the nurse's initial suspicion of weak muscles. Techniques like manual muscle testing can assess muscle strength.

C. Inspect appearance of the spine: Spinal issues can affect movement and coordination, but they wouldn't necessarily explain soft and boggy muscles in one arm.

D. Note 24-hour fluid intake and output: This might be relevant for overall health assessment but doesn't directly assess muscle tone or strength.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Longitudinal pigmented bands and red-brown linear streaks of recent onset. This description is more indicative of longitudinal melanonychia, which presents as pigmented bands along the length of the nail plate. It's not typically associated with finger clubbing.

B. Thinned, depressed nails with lateral edges tilting up to form a concave profile and proximal subungual fungal infection. This description suggests koilonychia, also known as spoon nails, which are characterized by thin, depressed nails with lateral edges tilting up. The mention of a fungal infection points to a different condition. It doesn't align with finger clubbing.

C. Transverse furrows and nail plate white spots that move forward with nail growth. This description corresponds to Beau's lines and leukonychia, which are not associated with finger clubbing. Beau's lines are transverse furrows or depressions in the nail plate, while leukonychia manifests as white spots or lines.

D. A nail base angle greater than 180 degrees and nail plate loosened at the distal-lateral edge, progressing proximally. This description fits the characteristics of finger clubbing, where there's an increased nail base angle (greater than 180 degrees) and the nail plate is loosened at the distal-lateral edge, progressing proximally. This choice aligns with the assessment finding.

A. Notify the healthcare provider. B. Observe muscle fasciculations. C. Document the assessment finding. D. Palpate the area for an effusion.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Notify the healthcare provider. Notifying the healthcare provider might be necessary if the kyphosis is a new finding or is associated with pain, neurological symptoms, or other complications. However, kyphosis is often a chronic condition associated with osteoporosis.

B. Observe muscle fasciculations. Muscle fasciculations are not directly related to kyphosis and osteoporosis. This option does not address the primary concern of the assessment finding.

C. Document the assessment finding. Documenting the presence of kyphosis is essential for the medical record and ongoing management of the client's osteoporosis. It ensures that the condition is noted and can be monitored over time.

D. Palpate the area for an effusion. Effusions are related to fluid accumulation in joints or tissues, which is not directly related to kyphosis. This is not an appropriate action in response to observing kyphosis.

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In assessing an older adult client, the nurse notes that the client's right arm muscles feel soft and boggy. To gather additional data related to this finding, which assessment should the nurse complete next?

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