In Pavlov's original research on classical conditioning, what did the food for the dog represent
Unconditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
The Correct Answer is B
A. The unconditioned response (UCR) refers to the dog's natural reaction to food, such as salivation, not the food itself.
B. The food is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) because it naturally and automatically triggers the dog's salivation (the unconditioned response) without prior learning.
C. The conditioned response (CR) refers to a learned response, like salivation to a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a bell).
D. The conditioned stimulus (CS) would be something like the bell that, after association with food, eventually causes salivation.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Systematic desensitization is a technique used in exposure therapy to gradually reduce anxiety by exposing the person to the feared stimulus in a controlled, step-by-step manner.
B. Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring unconscious processes and past experiences to uncover the root causes of symptoms but does not directly involve replacing responses to harmful stimuli.
C. Aversive conditioning involves pairing a harmful or undesirable stimulus with an unpleasant or negative response, often to reduce unwanted behaviors (e.g., using nausea-inducing substances to stop smoking).
D. Rational-emotive therapy (RET) focuses on changing irrational beliefs, but it does not involve pairing stimuli with negative responses.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Antianxiety medications are commonly used to treat phobias, as they help reduce anxiety symptoms associated with exposure to feared stimuli.
B. Mood stabilizers are used for bipolar disorder, not for phobias.
C. Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may also be used to treat anxiety disorders, but antianxiety medications are more directly related to the treatment of phobias.
D. Antipsychotics are used to treat conditions like schizophrenia, not phobias.
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