In the Neuro ICU (intensive care unit) while performing a neurological assessment of the patient the nurse noticed the patient: patient opens eyes, looks at you, responds slowly, and is somewhat confused. What level of consciousness (LOC) is this patient presenting?

Coma

Stupor

Lethargy

Obtunded

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Coma is a state of profound unconsciousness where the patient cannot be awakened and does not respond to any external stimuli. The patient is completely unresponsive, with no eye opening or verbal responses.
B.   Stupor is a state where the patient is almost completely unresponsive and can only be awakened by vigorous or painful stimuli. When aroused, they may only give brief, non-purposeful responses.
C.   Lethargy is characterized by drowsiness and decreased alertness. The patient may fall asleep easily but can be awakened and will respond appropriately to stimuli. They might appear sluggish or tired.
D.   Obtunded refers to a state where the patient has a reduced level of consciousness and responsiveness. They may be difficult to arouse, respond slowly to stimuli, and have a dulled sense of awareness. They need increased stimulation to achieve a response.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Kyphosis is a condition characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a hunchbacked appearance. It often results from degenerative diseases, osteoporosis, or other spinal conditions.
B. Lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine, often referred to as "swayback." This condition can be congenital or due to other factors like obesity or pregnancy.
C. Osteoporosis is a bone condition characterized by decreased bone density and strength, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is particularly common in postmenopausal women due to decreased estrogen levels, which help maintain bone density.
D. Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It can be congenital, idiopathic, or secondary to other conditions.

A. Sternoclavicular B. Temporomandibular C. Subtalar D. Radioulnar

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The sternoclavicular joint is where the sternum (breastbone) meets the clavicle (collarbone). It plays a role in the movement of the shoulder girdle but does not involve the jaw. Issues with this joint would typically present as shoulder or chest discomfort rather than problems with the jaw.
B. The temporomandibular joint is the joint where the mandible (lower jaw) meets the temporal bone of the skull, just in front of the ear. It is crucial for jaw movement, including opening, closing, and chewing. If a client feels that their jaws are "stuck," it is likely related to a problem with the TMJ. Common issues include TMJ disorders, which can cause pain, limited movement, or a sensation of the jaw being stuck.
C. The subtalar joint is located in the ankle, between the talus and calcaneus bones. It is involved in the movement of the foot, particularly in inversion and eversion. This joint is unrelated to jaw function, so problems here would affect the foot rather than the jaw.
D. The radioulnar joints are located in the forearm and involve the radius and ulna bones. These joints are responsible for the rotation of the forearm, such as turning the palm up or down. They do not relate to jaw movement or problems, so issues with these joints would affect the forearm or wrist rather than the jaw.

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In the Neuro ICU (intensive care unit) while performing a neurological assessment of the patient the nurse noticed the patient: patient opens eyes, looks at you, responds slowly, and is somewhat confused. What level of consciousness (LOC) is this patient presenting?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Loss of bone density that occurs with greatest frequency in postmenopausal women is called?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The client presents to the nurse stating that his jaws feel "stuck". What joint should the nurse assess?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client is able to actively move the right arm against gravity. How should the nurse document this finding using the muscle strength grading?

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