In which stage of the HIV lifecycle does the enzyme integrase play a crucial role, and what is its function in that stage?

Assembly. Integrase packages the viral RNA into new virions.

Integration: Integrase inserts viral DNA into the host's genome.

Entry: Integrase helps the virus fuse with the host cell membrane.

Reverse Transcription: Integrase copies viral RNA into DNA.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. In the assembly stage, other proteins and enzymes are involved in the packaging of viral components into new virions, not integrase.
B. During the integration stage, integrase is essential as it inserts the newly formed viral DNA into the host's genome, enabling the virus to utilize the host's cellular machinery for replication.
C. Integrase does not participate in the entry stage; this stage is facilitated by other proteins that aid in the fusion of the virus with the host cell membrane.
D. Integrase is not involved in reverse transcription; that process is facilitated by the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which converts viral RNA into DNA.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Flushing of the skin is not typical in hypovolemic shock; rather, the skin is usually cool and clammy due to vasoconstriction.
B. Oliguria, or decreased urine output, is expected in hypovolemic shock as the kidneys receive less blood flow, leading to reduced urine production.
C. Bradypnea is not a common finding in hypovolemic shock; instead, tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) is typically observed due to compensatory mechanisms for hypoxia and acidosis.
D. Hypertension is not expected in hypovolemic shock; instead, the client typically presents with hypotension due to decreased blood volume and pressure.

A. Anuria B. Hypotension C. Increased respiratory rate D. Decreased level of consciousness

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Anuria, or the absence of urine output, indicates significant renal impairment and is a later sign of shock.
B. Hypotension is a classic sign of shock but occurs after compensatory mechanisms have failed.
C. An increased respiratory rate is often one of the earliest indicators of shock, as the body attempts to compensate for reduced oxygenation and tissue perfusion by increasing respiratory effort.
D. A decreased level of consciousness can occur with prolonged shock but typically presents after other compensatory mechanisms have been overwhelmed.

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In which stage of the HIV lifecycle does the enzyme integrase play a crucial role, and what is its function in that stage?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has hypovolemic shock. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as an expected finding?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for shock. Which of the following findings is the earliest indicator that this complication is developing?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Which of the following signs are commonly associated with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)? (Select All that Apply.)

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