A nurse is educating a client who has HIV about the infection process. Which of the following features of the virus should the nurse explain can result in opportunistic infection?

Conversion of the virus's RNA into DNA

Having reverse transcriptase enzyme

Containing only a single strand of genetic material

Ability to target and destroy CD4 lymphocytes

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. The conversion of RNA into DNA is a critical step in the HIV lifecycle, but it does not directly lead to opportunistic infections; instead, it allows the virus to integrate into the host’s genome.
B. Having reverse transcriptase enzyme is a characteristic of retroviruses like HIV that facilitates replication, but it does not cause opportunistic infections directly.
C. HIV containing a single strand of genetic material is a feature of its classification as a retrovirus but is not related to the risk of opportunistic infections.
D. The ability of HIV to target and destroy CD4 lymphocytes is the key reason for opportunistic infections. CD4 cells are crucial for the immune response, and their depletion leads to immunosuppression, making the client susceptible to infections that would not typically affect an individual with a healthy immune system.

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Correct Answer is ["D","E","F","G"]

Explanation

D. Measure lactate level: Elevated lactate levels are a strong indicator of sepsis and can help guide treatment.

E. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics: Prompt administration of antibiotics is crucial to combat the infection.

F. Rapidly administer 30 mL/kg of normal saline: Aggressive fluid resuscitation is necessary to improve blood pressure and tissue perfusion.

G. Obtain blood cultures: Blood cultures can help identify the specific organism causing the infection and guide antibiotic therapy.

Other interventions that may be considered, but not necessarily within the first hour, include:

A. Obtain a urine specimen: This can help identify a urinary tract infection as a potential source of sepsis.

B. Insert a nasogastric tube: This may be necessary if the client is unable to tolerate oral intake or requires gastric decompression.

C. Type and cross-match for 2 units of packed RBCs: This may be necessary if the client develops significant anemia or requires blood transfusion.

A. Abuse B. Battery C. Malpractice D. Assault

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Abuse refers to the mistreatment of a patient, which does not apply to this scenario as the issue was an error rather than intentional harm.
B. Battery involves intentional and wrongful physical contact with another person; while the wrong medication is harmful, it was not an intentional act of violence.
C. Malpractice is the correct choice because it involves negligence in the professional duties of a healthcare provider, resulting in harm to a patient. The nurse failed to adhere to the standard of care by administering the incorrect medication.
D. Assault refers to the threat of harm or the act of creating fear of harm in another person, which is not applicable in this scenario since the nurse did not threaten the client.

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A nurse is educating a client who has HIV about the infection process. Which of the following features of the virus should the nurse explain can result in opportunistic infection?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a 73-year-old client in the emergency department (ED) Exhibits It has been identified that the client is in sepsis. Select the 4 actions that the nurse should complete in the first hour to manage sepsis and prevent further complications?

Correct Answer is ["D","E","F","G"]

Explanation

A nurse accidentally administers the wrong medication to a client, which results in a severe allergic reaction and prolongs the client's hospitalization. The client could rightfully sue the nurse for which of the following?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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