It is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to observe for which complication when caring for a client who had a long bone fracture repaired yesterday?
Fat emboli.
Urinary retention.
Nonunion.
Muscular spasms
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Fat emboli, or fat embolism syndrome (FES), is the most critical complication to monitor for in a client who had a long bone fracture repaired. This condition occurs when fat droplets from the bone marrow enter the bloodstream and travel to the lungs, brain, or other organs. Symptoms can include respiratory distress, confusion, and a petechial rash. FES can develop within 24 to 72 hours after the injury or surgery and can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is essential to observe for signs such as sudden shortness of breath, rapid breathing, changes in mental status, and the characteristic rash. Early detection and intervention are crucial to manage this potentially severe complication.
Choice B reason: Urinary retention is a possible postoperative complication due to anesthesia or immobility. It is important to monitor urine output and ensure that the client is voiding adequately. However, it is not as immediately life-threatening as a fat embolism. While urinary retention requires attention and management, the practical nurse should prioritize monitoring for signs of fat embolism due to its more severe and acute nature.
Choice C reason: Nonunion refers to the failure of the fracture to heal properly, which can lead to chronic pain and functional impairment. This complication typically develops over a more extended period rather than immediately postoperatively. Monitoring for signs of nonunion, such as persistent pain and lack of healing on follow-up X-rays, is important. However, it is not the most urgent concern in the immediate postoperative period when compared to the risk of a fat embolism.
Choice D reason: Muscular spasms can occur after a fracture as the muscles around the injury site contract to protect and stabilize the affected area. These spasms can be painful and impact the client's comfort and mobility. While it is necessary to address muscle spasms through pain management and physical therapy, they are generally not life-threatening. The practical nurse should focus on monitoring for signs of fat embolism, which poses a more immediate risk to the client's health.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Initiating contact isolation precautions is not necessary for psoriasis. Psoriasis is not an infectious or contagious condition, so isolation is not required. The focus should be on managing symptoms and providing appropriate care to alleviate the client's discomfort.
Choice B reason: Explaining the need to keep the affected areas dry is not an appropriate action for psoriasis management. Psoriasis is characterized by dry, scaly patches of skin, and keeping the areas dry may worsen the condition. It is important to keep the skin moisturized and hydrated to reduce flaking and discomfort.
Choice C reason: Preparing the client for allergen testing is not relevant in this context. Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition, not an allergic reaction. Allergen testing is not typically used in the diagnosis or management of psoriasis. The focus should be on addressing factors that can exacerbate symptoms, such as stress, infections, and certain medications.
Choice D reason: Reviewing stress reduction strategies with the client is the most appropriate action. Stress is known to be a significant trigger for psoriasis flare-ups. By helping the client identify and implement stress reduction techniques, the PN can assist in managing the client's symptoms and improving their overall well-being. Techniques such as mindfulness, relaxation exercises, and counseling can be beneficial in reducing stress and minimizing psoriasis symptoms.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Driving a car is an activity that should be limited until after the first postoperative visit. Postoperative clients might experience discomfort, dizziness, or medication side effects that can impair their ability to drive safely. The stress and physical demands of driving can also affect the healing process, so it's important to avoid this activity until the healthcare provider gives clearance.
Choice B reason: Eating high-fiber foods is generally encouraged postoperatively to prevent constipation and ensure smooth bowel movements. There is no reason to limit high-fiber foods after a transurethral prostatectomy unless otherwise specified by the healthcare provider.
Choice C reason: Kegel exercises can help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and are often recommended after prostate surgery to improve bladder control. However, it is important to follow the healthcare provider's guidance on when to start these exercises and how frequently they should be done.
Choice D reason: Walking around the house is a light activity that can aid in recovery by promoting circulation and preventing blood clots. It is usually recommended to start light activity soon after surgery, unless contraindicated by the healthcare provider.
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