The practical nurse (PN) knows that AIDS is a viral infection that compromises the effectiveness of the immune system. Which component of the immune system is characteristically affected?

Choice A reason: Driving a car is an activity that should be limited until after the first postoperative visit. Postoperative clients might experience discomfort, dizziness, or medication side effects that can impair their ability to drive safely. The stress and physical demands of driving can also affect the healing process, so it's important to avoid this activity until the healthcare provider gives clearance.
Choice B reason: Eating high-fiber foods is generally encouraged postoperatively to prevent constipation and ensure smooth bowel movements. There is no reason to limit high-fiber foods after a transurethral prostatectomy unless otherwise specified by the healthcare provider.
Choice C reason: Kegel exercises can help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and are often recommended after prostate surgery to improve bladder control. However, it is important to follow the healthcare provider's guidance on when to start these exercises and how frequently they should be done.
Choice D reason: Walking around the house is a light activity that can aid in recovery by promoting circulation and preventing blood clots. It is usually recommended to start light activity soon after surgery, unless contraindicated by the healthcare provider.

Choice A reason: Evaluating neuro vital signs includes assessing the client's level of consciousness, pupil response, motor function, and other neurological indicators. While important for overall assessment, changes in neurological status are not the most immediate concern in the context of heart failure and the client's request for more pillows. The request may be related to orthopnea, a common symptom of heart failure where clients experience difficulty breathing while lying flat.
Choice B reason: Monitoring urinary output is crucial for assessing kidney function and fluid balance, especially in clients with heart failure. However, it does not directly address the client's symptom of needing more pillows to sleep, which is more likely related to respiratory discomfort. While maintaining adequate urinary output is important, it is not the primary assessment needed in this scenario.
Choice C reason: Blood pressure is a vital sign that needs regular monitoring in clients with heart failure, as it can indicate fluid status and cardiac function. However, the need for additional pillows to sleep is more directly related to respiratory issues rather than blood pressure alone. While important, it is not the primary focus in response to the client's specific request.
Choice D reason: Evaluating breath sounds is the most relevant assessment when a client with heart failure requests more pillows to sleep. This request often indicates orthopnea, where the client has difficulty breathing while lying flat due to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary congestion). By assessing breath sounds, the PN can detect signs of crackles, wheezing, or decreased air entry, which may indicate worsening heart failure or pulmonary edema. Prompt assessment and intervention are crucial to address respiratory distress and prevent further complications.