The practical nurse (PN) knows that AIDS is a viral infection that compromises the effectiveness of the immune system. Which component of the immune system is characteristically affected?

Choice A reason: Evaluating the return of the gag reflex is important for assessing a client's ability to protect their airway and for readiness to eat or drink after surgery. However, it is not the immediate priority when a client is repeatedly swallowing, which can indicate bleeding.
Choice B reason: Demonstrating relaxation techniques can be beneficial for managing pain and anxiety, but it does not address the immediate concern of potential postoperative bleeding in a client who is repeatedly swallowing.
Choice C reason: Using a penlight to assess the pharynx for bleeding is the priority action. Repeated swallowing after rhinoplasty can indicate bleeding, and assessing the pharynx allows the nurse to identify and address any postoperative hemorrhage promptly.
Choice D reason: Administering an intravenous analgesic per PRN protocol may help manage pain, but it is not the priority action. The primary concern is to check for potential bleeding, which is indicated by the repeated swallowing.

Choice A reason: Asking if the client understands the consequences of continuing to smoke is essential for assessing his level of awareness about the risks associated with smoking, especially after a myocardial infarction. This step helps gauge the client's knowledge and can serve as a starting point for providing further education. It opens up a dialogue where the nurse can discuss the detrimental effects of smoking on cardiovascular health and the increased risk of recurrent heart attacks. Understanding the client's perspective and providing education can foster a more informed decision-making process and may encourage the client to consider quitting smoking.
Choice B reason: Encouraging the client to substitute cigars for cigarettes is not a recommended intervention. Cigars, like cigarettes, contain nicotine and other harmful chemicals. Substituting one form of tobacco for another does not reduce the health risks associated with smoking. Cigars can also lead to nicotine addiction and contribute to heart disease and other health issues. The goal should be to support the client in achieving complete smoking cessation rather than replacing one harmful habit with another. This approach does not align with evidence-based practices for promoting health and reducing cardiovascular risks.
Choice C reason: Recommending an acupuncturist to assist with smoking cessation efforts is an alternative therapy that some individuals may find beneficial. However, it should not be the first-line recommendation. Evidence-based strategies such as nicotine replacement therapy, medications, and counseling should be prioritized. Acupuncture can be considered as a complementary therapy in conjunction with these proven methods. It is important to provide the client with a range of options and support them in choosing the most effective and suitable approach for smoking cessation. However, this option alone does not address the immediate need for education and support regarding the risks of continued smoking.
Choice D reason: Reinforcing information about the consequences related to smoking and heart disease is crucial. Education plays a significant role in helping the client understand the impact of smoking on cardiovascular health. Providing detailed information about how smoking contributes to heart disease, the benefits of quitting, and the potential for improved outcomes can motivate the client to consider cessation. Reinforcement of this information helps to ensure that the client is fully aware of the serious health risks and the importance of quitting smoking to prevent further cardiovascular events.
Choice E reason: Recording the client's exact words in the electronic medical record is important for accurate documentation and continuity of care. This documentation provides a clear record of the client's statements, attitudes, and intentions regarding smoking. It ensures that all members of the healthcare team are informed of the client's position and can tailor their interventions accordingly. Accurate documentation also helps in tracking the client's progress and responses to interventions over time, facilitating a coordinated and comprehensive approach to care.