The practical nurse (PN) knows that AIDS is a viral infection that compromises the effectiveness of the immune system. Which component of the immune system is characteristically affected?

Choice A reason: Driving a car is an activity that requires physical and mental focus, which can be impaired following surgery. The client recovering from a transurethral prostatectomy might experience discomfort, pain, or the effects of anesthesia, which could affect their ability to drive safely. Additionally, there is a risk of increased pressure on the surgical site while sitting for prolonged periods, which can impact the healing process. Limiting this activity until after the first postoperative visit ensures that the healthcare provider can assess the client's recovery and provide appropriate guidance on when it is safe to resume driving.
Choice B reason: Eating high-fiber foods is generally encouraged to prevent constipation, which is a common issue post-surgery. Fiber helps maintain regular bowel movements and can reduce the strain during defecation. This is beneficial for clients recovering from a transurethral prostatectomy as straining can increase pressure on the surgical site. Therefore, there is no need to limit the intake of high-fiber foods; rather, it should be reinforced as a positive dietary habit during the recovery period.
Choice C reason: Kegel exercises are recommended to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which can aid in improving urinary control post-surgery. These exercises are an integral part of the recovery process for clients undergoing prostate surgery and can significantly enhance bladder function. Thus, Kegel exercises should not be limited but should be encouraged as part of the client's postoperative care plan.
Choice D reason: Walking around the house is a low-impact activity that can promote circulation and prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It also helps in maintaining overall mobility and can aid in the recovery process. Limiting such light physical activity is unnecessary, as it can have several benefits for the client during the postoperative period. Encouraging gentle movement is generally advantageous for recovery.

Choice A reason: Placing the client in the left lateral recumbent position with the right leg supported in proper alignment is not the best choice for reducing swelling and promoting comfort in a client with a fractured right tibia and fibula. While supporting the leg in proper alignment is important, the left lateral recumbent position does not provide optimal elevation of the affected limb. Elevation is crucial to reduce swelling and promote venous return, which can help decrease edema and discomfort.
Choice B reason: Placing the client in the dorsal recumbent position with the right leg elevated on two pillows is the most appropriate choice. This position allows the right leg to be elevated above the level of the heart, which helps reduce swelling by promoting venous return and lymphatic drainage. Elevation also decreases the hydrostatic pressure in the lower extremity, which can help minimize edema and improve comfort. This position ensures that the leg is properly supported and aligned, which is essential for optimal healing.
Choice C reason: Placing the client in the supine position with a footboard and a trochanter roll to the right leg is not the best choice for reducing swelling. While using a footboard and a trochanter roll can help maintain proper alignment and prevent external rotation of the leg, it does not provide the necessary elevation to reduce swelling. Elevation is a key component in managing edema and promoting comfort in clients with fractures.
Choice D reason: Placing the client in the right lateral position with a pillow between the legs is not an appropriate choice for reducing swelling in a client with a fractured right tibia and fibula. The right lateral position does not allow for proper elevation of the affected limb, which is essential for reducing swelling and promoting venous return. Additionally, this position may place pressure on the injured leg, causing discomfort and potentially compromising the healing process.