The practical nurse (PN) knows that AIDS is a viral infection that compromises the effectiveness of the immune system. Which component of the immune system is characteristically affected?

Choice A reason: Positioning the client supine and flat is not specifically aimed at preventing phantom pain. Phantom pain is a common issue after amputations, and its management typically involves medications, therapies, and psychological support rather than positioning. Keeping the client supine and flat may not address the immediate concerns of bleeding and swelling, which are critical in the initial postoperative period.
Choice B reason: Turning the client prone every 2 hours to prevent hip flexion contractures is an important intervention to prevent contractures after a below-the-knee amputation. However, this is not the immediate priority immediately following surgery. The primary concern in the immediate postoperative period is to manage bleeding, swelling, and ensuring proper healing of the residual limb.
Choice C reason: Elevating the residual limb on pillows to prevent bleeding and swelling is the most crucial intervention immediately after a below-the-knee amputation. Elevation helps reduce edema, promote venous return, and minimize the risk of postoperative bleeding. Proper elevation also supports the healing process of the surgical site. This intervention addresses the immediate needs of the client and helps prevent complications in the critical early stages after surgery.
Choice D reason: Positioning the residual limb below the heart to promote healing for prosthetic fitting is not recommended in the immediate postoperative period. Keeping the limb elevated is more beneficial to reduce swelling and manage bleeding. The focus in the immediate phase is to ensure proper healing and prevent complications, with considerations for prosthetic fitting coming later in the rehabilitation process.

Choice A reason: A blood pressure measurement of 80/60 mm Hg is significantly low and may indicate hypotension, which can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, or shock. This requires immediate action to assess and manage the client's condition to prevent complications.
Choice B reason: A blood pressure measurement of 140/90 mm Hg indicates hypertension, which is a concern but does not require immediate emergency intervention. It requires follow-up and management to prevent long-term health issues.
Choice C reason: A blood pressure measurement of 130/85 mm Hg is considered elevated but not critically high. It is important to monitor and manage, but it does not require immediate emergency action.
Choice D reason: A blood pressure measurement of 120/90 mm Hg is slightly elevated diastolic pressure but not critically so. It is important to monitor, but it does not necessitate immediate emergency intervention.