John, 55, presents with progressive muscle twitching, cramps, and difficulty holding objects. His EMG shows signs of denervation, and MRI reveals corticospinal tract - degeneration. Past medical history includes hypertension and diabetes. Given that John has now developed dysphagia, what is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
Prescribe oral antispasmodic agents.
Administer anti-anxiety medications.
Initiate enteral tube feeding.
Teach relaxation techniques.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Oral antispasmodic agents may help with muscle twitching and cramps but are not indicated for dysphagia caused by corticospinal tract degeneration.
B. Anti-anxiety medications are not indicated for dysphagia and progressive muscle weakness.
C. Enteral tube feeding is appropriate to ensure adequate nutrition and hydration in individuals with dysphagia, preventing complications such as malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia.
D. Relaxation techniques may help with muscle tension and anxiety but would not address the dysphagia directly.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Inflammatory bowel disease typically presents with symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding, rather than isolated rectal pain exacerbated by bowel movements.
B. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. Regular use of ibuprofen can exacerbate hemorrhoids by causing irritation and thinning of the rectal lining.
C. Rectal prolapse involves the protrusion of the rectum through the anus and may cause discomfort during bowel movements, but it is less common than hemorrhoids.
D. Colorectal cancer can cause rectal pain but is less likely in the absence of other symptoms such as rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Flow cytometry is commonly used in the diagnosis and classification of leukemias and lymphomas by analyzing the cellular characteristics of blood or tissue samples.
B. Flow cytometry can be used for cell counting, but it is not the primary reason for using it in Anna's case.
C. Flow cytometry is not typically used to assess kidney function. Other tests such as serum creatinine and urine analysis are more commonly used for this purpose.
D. Flow cytometry does not measure plasma electrolytes. Electrolyte measurements are typically done through blood tests like basic metabolic panels.
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