Manifestations of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis would include:
Progressive weakness and atrophy of muscle
Cramps, twitching, and lack of coordination
Spasticity, deep tendon reflexes brisk, and overactive
Difficulty speaking, swallowing, breathing
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A: Progressive weakness and atrophy of muscle is a manifestation of ALS, as it results from the loss of motor
neurons that control voluntary muscle movements²³.
Choice B: Cramps, twitching, and lack of coordination is a manifestation of ALS, as it results from the abnormal activity of motor neurons that are still functioning²³.
Choice C: Spasticity, deep tendon reflexes brisk, and overactive is a manifestation of ALS, as it results from the damage to the upper motor neurons that regulate muscle tone²³.
Choice D: Difficulty speaking, swallowing, breathing is a manifestation of ALS, as it results from the involvement of the muscles in the mouth, throat, and chest²³.
Choice E: All of the above is correct, as all of these manifestations are common in ALS.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Maintenance of clear airway is a goal for a patient with altered level of consciousness, as it can prevent aspiration, hypoxia, and respiratory failure.
Choice B: Maintenance of skin integrity is a goal for a patient with altered level of consciousness, as it can prevent pressure ulcers, infection, and sepsis.
Choice C: Protection from injury is a goal for a patient with altered level of consciousness, as it can prevent falls, fractures, and trauma.
Choice D: All of the above is correct, as all of these goals are relevant for a patient with altered level of consciousness.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Object penetrates the brain or trauma is so severe that the scalp and skull are opened is correct because it is the definition of an open traumatic brain injury. An open traumatic brain injury occurs when a foreign object such as a bullet, knife, or bone fragment enters the brain or when a blunt force trauma such as a fall, collision, or assault causes a fracture or laceration of the skull. This can damage the brain tissue, blood vessels, and nerves and cause bleeding, swelling, or infection.
Choice B: Stress is incorrect because it is not a type of traumatic brain injury. Stress is a psychological or emotional response to a challenging or threatening situation. It can affect the brain function and health, but it does not cause physical damage to the brain tissue.
Choice C: Acceleration/deceleration injury occurs when the head accelerates and then rapidly decelerates, damaging brain tissue is incorrect because it is not an open traumatic brain injury. It is a type of closed traumatic brain injury, which occurs when the head moves violently without breaking the skull. This can cause the brain to hit against the inner wall of the skull or twist within the skull, resulting in bruising, tearing, or shearing of the brain tissue.
Choice D: All of the above are incorrect because only choice a) describes an open traumatic brain injury. Choices b) and c) are not related to an open traumatic brain injury and do not match its characteristics. The nurse should know the different types and causes of traumatic brain injury and their implications for assessment and care.
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